Question

What is a research paper? What is the purpose of research?

What are the criteria of good research?

What is the purpose of hypothesis testing?

The differenee between qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis ?

The difference between semi-logarithmic model and log-logarithmie model ?

The difference between time series data, cross sectional data, and panel data?

Answer 1

What is a research paper? What is the purpose of research?

A research paper is a piece of academic writing based on its author's original research on a particular topic, and the analysis and interpretation of the research findings. It can be either a term paper, a master's thesis or a doctoral dissertation.

There are three most influential and common purposes of research i.e. exploration, description and explanation.

Exploration involves familiarizing a researcher with a topic. Exploration satisfies the researcher's curiosity and desire for improved understanding. Exploration tests the feasibility of undertaking a more extensive study. Exploration helps develop the methods that will be used in a study.

Description involves describing situations and events through scientific observation. Scientific descriptions are typically more accurate and precise than causal ones.

Explanation involves answering the questions of what, where, when, and how. Explanatory studies answer questions of why.

What are the criteria of good research?

Some of the criteria of good research are as follows.

1. One of the important characteristics of a good research is that the purpose of the research is clearly defined. A research study with clearly defined purpose finds a wider acceptance and acknowledgement within the research community.
2. Second important characteristic of a good research is that the research method should be defined in a clear manner with sufficient detail. This will allow the repetition of the study in future for further advancement, while maintaining the continuity of what has been done in the past.
3. The third thing to remember is that any limitations and assumptions made by the researcher during the course of the study should be clearly highlighted in the research. This will support the findings of the research study, in case someone tries to validate the study findings.
4. The fourth thing to remember is that, as far as possible, the research design should be planned in a way that the results generated are as objective as possible. This will provide an easier understanding about the findings of the research.
5. Another thing to be considered by the researcher is that there should be sufficient data to investigate the research topic. And the researcher should carefully check the reliability and validity of the data.
6. Further, in order to deliver a good research, a researcher should confine the conclusions to those justified by the data.

What is the purpose of hypothesis testing?

Hypothesis testing is one of the most important concepts in statistics because it is how you decide if something really happened, or if certain treatments have positive effects, or if groups differ from each other or if one variable predicts another.

The differenee between qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis ?

• Quantitative analysis quantifies data to test hypotheses or predict the future whereas qualitative analysis seeks to get a deeper understanding of why certain things occur
• The sample is small in qualitative analysis and cannot be used to represent the whole population while in quantitative analysis the sample is large and can represent the entire population
• The researcher conducts interviews or surveys to collect qualitative data whereas in quantitative analysis the research conducts experiments, observations and measurements
• Typical data include color, race, gender, in qualitative analysis whereas in quantitative analysis include all measurable quantities such as density, length, size, weight
• Qualitative analysis is exploratory and subjective wereas Quantitative analysis is conclusive and objective

The difference between semi-logarithmic model and log-logarithmie model ?

In a semilogarithmic graph, one axis has a logarithmic scale and the other axis has a linear scale.

In log-log graphs, both axes have a logarithmic scale.

The idea here is we use semilog or log-log graph axes so we can more easily see details for small values of y as well as large values of y

The difference between time series data, cross sectional data, and panel data?

Cross-sectional data

In the cross-sectional data are available for individual and observation

They refer to a given point in time. In most studies,

individuals surveyed are people (for example, in the Labour Force Survey

(EPA), over 100,000 people are interviewed each quarter), households (eg,

Household Budget Survey), companies (eg Survey

Industrial companies) or other operators. Surveys are a typical source

for cross-sectional data. In many contemporary econometric studies

cross-sectional sample size is quite high.

In the cross-sectional data, observations must be obtained

by random sampling, which means that the observations are

independent. The order of the comments in the cross-sectional data

no matter for econometric analysis. If the data are not obtained with a sample

random, we have a problem of sample selection.

So far we have referred to micro data type, but can also be

have cross-sectional data relating to aggregate units such as countries, regions,

etc. Of course, such data are not obtained by random sampling.

Facts panel

Panel data (or longitudinal data) consist of cutting remarks

cross repeated over time. Thus combined data panel

elements of cross-sectional data and time series. These data sets

They consist of a set of individuals (usually individuals, households or businesses)

respondents repeatedly over time. In modeling it is adopted

generally the assumption that individuals are independent of each other, but,

for a given individual, observations over time are mutually

dependent. Therefore, the order within a cross section of a set of

panel data does not matter, but the order in the time dimension is relevant. Otherwise

we consider the time data panel, it said that we are using data

sectional grouped (pooled).

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