Question

1.For both insulin and glucagon: Identify conditions under which it will be present in the blood and describe outcomes of its signaling on muscle, heart, liver and adipose tissue

Answer 1

1.Insulin inhibits glucagon secretion and glucagons increase the Insulin Secretion.

After eating when your glucose levels are high, Incretin is a natural hormone that your body makes. It tells your body to release insulin after you eat. When your body makes incretin, an enzyme called dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) removes it from your body. This is a normal, healthy process for people.

2. Glucagon - The pancreas releases glucagon when the concentration of glucose in the bloodstream falls too low. Glucagon causes the liver to convert stored glycogen into glucose, which is released into the bloodstream.

Actions of Insulin: 1) Adipose tissue - Increases glucagon uptake and storage as fat and glycogen, Inhibits lipolysis and release of FFA

2) Muscles- Increases glucose uptake and utilization, Inhibits proteolysis and release of amino acids, puruvate, lactate into blood.

3) Liver - Increases glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis , Inhibits glycogenolysis and glucose output, Inhibits gluconeogenesis from protein pyruvate FFA and glycerol