Question

evaluation of medication effectiveness of ANTIMICOBACTERIALS

Answer 1

it is done to decrease use of antibiotics effectively in patient with different infection an dappropriately canbe used and decrease the inappropriate use.

it provides safty

it reduces cost

it provides benefit to patient

it decreases hospital stay

it inhibits spreads of infection

it decreases morbidity and mortality

it increase life span of individual

effectiveness of antimicrobials on certain organisms is based on spectrum of activity and dose of therapeutic medication. thiscan be assessed by antimicrobial susceptability testing

the kirby - bauer disk diffusion test : bcaterial pathogen that was iolated from patient blood, was mixed with  confluent lawn on muellar hinton agar plate. then filter papar disk are soaked with antimicrobial agents and then placed on muellar hinton agar palte. if the bacteria grows, the antibiotic diffuses into agar plate and interacts with bacteria. zone of inhibition are observed on soaked filter paper antimicrobial disk. the diameter was observed on the zone of inhibition in milliliters, which is  compared with stadardized chart. then it can be assessed for its resistence and effectiveness. the diameter of zone of inhibition depends on drug solubility, amount of drug through agar, the thickness of agar medium and amount of drug soaked into disk.

Dilution test: the specific  antimicrobial agents minimal inhibitory cocentration test, the lowest concentration of drug which prevents bacterial growth, minmial bactercidal  concentration , the lowest drug concentration that kills> 99.9% of the starting inoculam. diliution of series of drug in broth are prepared in test tubes and then testing bacterial strain cells are added to each tube. cloudiness in the broth helps to find lowest drug concentration which inhibit bacteria growth. if the broth shows no cloudiness, then injected  into agar media ithout antibiotic in order to asses Minimal bacterial concntration.

96 micrdilution trays can be used for assessing for MIC, which has automated dispensing devices and use of small amount, has one tray that can be used for testing multiple antibiotic and multiple organisms. growth can be assessed by visually or using spectophotometer

Etest is also used to find out Minimal inhibitory concenraion . it is test that comprises of both Kirbybauer disk diffusion test and dilution test. here bacterial agent is mixed with confluent lawn on agar plate. instead of using paper disk,plastic disk which has antibacterial agent, kept on the surface agar plate. if the bacteria grows, antibacteria diffuses into agar plate and interacts with bacteria. etest gradient is used for observing zone of inhibitioni. intersecion of the zone ith the gradient on the plastic strip indicates MInimal inhibitory conentration. different strips contains differents antimicrobials can be tested on agar plate. Minimal inhibitory concentarion test is assessed. but it is less limited than mico broth and macrobroth dilution test. in order test Minimalinhibitory concentration