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2. Explain the central nervous system stimulants (amphetamines and cocaine). Include the general effects, diagnostic criteria,...

2. Explain the central nervous system stimulants (amphetamines and cocaine). Include the general effects, diagnostic criteria, treatment, and epidemiology.

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Expert Solution

The central nervous system include

convulsants - it includes

Strychnine, picrotoxin ,bicuculline, pentylenetetrazol

analeptic -- It includes doxapram

psychostimulants - It includes

Amphetamines , methyl phenidate, atomoxetine , caffeine ,cocaine ,armodafinil , modafinil

Cocaine

-due to increase in Norepinephrine,

Effects of cocaine

-it causes increase in blood pressure and arrhythmia

- is due to increase dopamine levels that provide kick, stimulate D2receptors in brain

Drug of choice (DOC)for deaddiction is bromocriptine

Only indication is in ocular anaesthesia.

Side effect - increase in epinephrine in synapse causes antidepressant effect.

Amphetamine

It is a CNS stimulant .

Uses :- ADHD (attention deficit hypersensitivity disorder )

narcolepsy and

obesity( cause is anorexia)

Central effects- Alertness , Euphoria , increase work capacity

Dose- 5-15 mg

Route- oral

Treating amphetamines toxicity - Chlorpromazine

Amphetamine dependence - long term or frequent use of amphetamine causes amphetamine dependence

Diagnosis of amphetamine dependence in patients:-

The doctor can ask following questions to the patient :-

1)For how long is the patient using amphetamine?

2)A blood test can be done for finding out the levels of amphetamine in blood.

Treatment of amphetamine dependence

Medication can be provided to the patient for relieving some symptoms

Providing support system

Counselling

Epidemiology-

In a study conducted on Americans of age more than 12 in 2018

-it was found that 1 million people abused in 2018

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Nightingale answered 1 year ago

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