In: Nursing
2. Explain the central nervous system stimulants (amphetamines and cocaine). Include the general effects, diagnostic criteria, treatment, and epidemiology.
The central nervous system include
convulsants - it includes
Strychnine, picrotoxin ,bicuculline, pentylenetetrazol
analeptic -- It includes doxapram
psychostimulants - It includes
Amphetamines , methyl phenidate, atomoxetine , caffeine ,cocaine ,armodafinil , modafinil
Cocaine
-due to increase in Norepinephrine,
Effects of cocaine
-it causes increase in blood pressure and arrhythmia
- is due to increase dopamine levels that provide kick, stimulate D2receptors in brain
Drug of choice (DOC)for deaddiction is bromocriptine
Only indication is in ocular anaesthesia.
Side effect - increase in epinephrine in synapse causes antidepressant effect.
Amphetamine
It is a CNS stimulant .
Uses :- ADHD (attention deficit hypersensitivity disorder )
narcolepsy and
obesity( cause is anorexia)
Central effects- Alertness , Euphoria , increase work capacity
Dose- 5-15 mg
Route- oral
Treating amphetamines toxicity - Chlorpromazine
Amphetamine dependence - long term or frequent use of amphetamine causes amphetamine dependence
Diagnosis of amphetamine dependence in patients:-
The doctor can ask following questions to the patient :-
1)For how long is the patient using amphetamine?
2)A blood test can be done for finding out the levels of amphetamine in blood.
Treatment of amphetamine dependence
Medication can be provided to the patient for relieving some symptoms
Providing support system
Counselling
Epidemiology-
In a study conducted on Americans of age more than 12 in 2018
-it was found that 1 million people abused in 2018
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