Question

Central Nervous System: MS impairments

Anatomy summaries of organic disorders

Synopsis of Central Nervous System: MS impairment should focus on a concise anatomical/physiological explanation of the disorder, and include a brief etiology and brief speech-language symptoms.

Answer 1

Multiple sclerosis is characterized by demyelination or destruction of myelin sheth which lines the neuron axons. The name refers to the appearance of multiple scars on myelin sheeth of brain and spinal cord which are part of the central nervous system (CNS). Brain and spinal cord together make CNS. As the name indicates, it acts central by coordinating the functions of organ system by recieving sensory information through sensory nerves which are then processed in brain by transmits through the spinal cord. MS is an auto immune disorder occur due to the error mechanism in immune system. Immune system is defined to fight against the foreign invaders like virus,bacteria, pathogens and dust. Often, it affects body's own cells mistakenly result in auto immune disorders. The reason might be the error in the mechanism of positive and negative clonal selection of immune cells. In MS, immune cells attack the myelin sheath of axons of CNS. The damaged myelinated nerve fibers form scars on the fibers commonly called as plaques/lesions. They are often identified by macrophages contain myelin fragments and also contains contain proteins and lipids from chemical degradation of myelin. Over time, these plaques reach to the burst out state which contains demyelinated axons. Presence of plaques and demyelination affects the smooth flow of nerve impulses. Plaques obstruct the flow of information through the axons. The very first symptoms of MS is called as exacerbation, usually a attack. It often relapse and contribute for relapsing-remitting symptoms. Plaque in the optic nerve causes optic neuritis associated with pain in the eye and a rapid loss of vision. Plaques are usually appear in lateral ventricles of brain and cause brain atropy. Plaques in the spinal cord impact the motor activity shows symptoms of weak, stiff muscles, often with painful muscle spasms.It also contribute for the disturbances of muscular control over the speech mechanism. The speech language symptoms caused by MS includes : slurring of speech; impaired volume; strength or quality of your voice; problem in remembering speeches and words.