Question

PREVENTION measures for Spanish Flu and COVID-19 (primary, secondary, tertiary).

Answer 1

Ans-

The Spanish flu, also known as the 1918 flu pandemic, was an unusually deadly influenza pandemic caused by the H1N1 influenza A virus.

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered coronavirus.

Both are spread by virus and communicable disease, spread by contact with patients,so prevention meansure are same for both.

Prevention for corona virus-

1)Primary Stage Prevention-

"Primary prevention can be defined as the action taken prior to the onset of disease,which removes the possibility that thed disease will ever occur."In this Action are taken before the onset ofDisease.It signifies intervention in the pre-pathogenesis phase of a disease or health problem.includes the concept of "positive health", a concept that encourages achievement and maintenance of "an acceptable level of health that will enable every individual to lead a socially and economically productive life"

2) Secondary prevention-

It is defined as " An Action which halts the progress of a disease at its incipient stage and prevents complications."The specific interventions are:

i) early diagnosis (e.g.screening tests, breast self examination, pap smear test,radiographic examinations etc.)&Treatment

(ii) Referral

Secondary prevention attempts to arrest the disease process, restore health by seeking out unrecognized disease and treating it before irreversible pathological changes take place,and reverse communicability of infectious diseasesS.It protects others in the community from acquiring the infection and thus provide at once.secondary prevention for the infected ones and primary prevention for their potential contacts.

3)tertiery stage-

It is used when the disease process has advanced beyond its early stages.It is defined as "all the measures available toreduce or limit impairments and disabilities,and to promote the patients' adjustment to irremediable conditions."Intervention that should be accomplished in the stage of tertiary prevention are disability limitation, and rehabilitation Intervention in Late Pathogenesis Phase.

*Other prevention For covid -19

1)Wash your hands well and often. Use hand sanitizer when you’re not near soap and water.

2)Try not to touch your face.

3)Follow your community guidelines for staying home.

4)When you do go out in public, leave at least 6 feet of space between you and others.

5)Wear a face mask when you go out.

6)Don’t leave your house if you don’t feel well.

7)Cover your mouth with your elbow when you cough or sneeze, or use a tissue.

8)Clean and disinfect places and things you touch a lot.

*Extra Precautions for People Who Are at Higher Risk-

Anyone can get COVID-19. But you have a higher chance of getting seriously ill from it if you:Are 65 or older, especially if you live in a nursing home or other care facility Have asthma or lung disease, although more research is needed on this Have a weakened immune system from conditions such as cancer and HIV, or from medications Are severely obese with a BMI over 40 Have type II diabetes,Have a serious heart condition Have kidney, liver, or heart disease

*Prevention for Spanish flu-

1)Respiratory Hygiene/ Cough Etiquette

- Cover the nose/mouth with a handkerchief/ tissue paper when coughing or sneezing .Use tissues to contain respiratory secretions and dispose of them in the nearest waste receptacle after use.

2)Hand hygiene-

Hand washing with non-antimicrobial soap and water,alcohol-based hand rub, or antiseptic hand wash after having contact with respiratory secretions and contaminated objects materialsUse of mask Three layered surgical mask.For cases and immediate family and social contacts.

3)Mask-

Protect from spit and mucous discharges in procedures only.Do not have adequate filtering.Do not pass the fit test.Approved by FDA

4)control Measures-

Immunoprophylaxis with vaccine Chemoprophylaxis and chemotherapy.

5)Avoid crowds.-

Flu spreads easily wherever people congregate — in child care centers, schools, office buildings, auditoriums and public transportation. By avoiding crowds during peak flu season, you reduce your chances of infection. And, if you're sick, stay home so that you don't infect others