How does the release of histamine and leukotrienes affect a person with asthma?

Your partner is dying from a rare disease. Luckily a cure has recently been invented, by one druggist who lives fairly close to you. This druggist is selling the cure for ten times the amount it cost him to make it. You try to raise the money but even borrowing from friends to family and taking a loan from the bank, you can only raise half of the amount. You go to the druggist and offer to pay half now and later but he refuses, saying that he invented the cure and is determined to make money of it. You beg him to sell it cheaper as your partner will die before you can raise the full amount, but he still refuses. You believe you could break into his house one night after he has gone and steal the cure. This would definitely save your partner, although you might be arrested for the crime.

1.    What should you do?

2.    What if you could only steal the cure by killing the druggist?

3.    Would you do that knowing the consequences?

Write a diversity statement for nursing school enrollment

where can I find peer review sources for a paper on "falls in nursing homes"

write a diversity statement for student to enroll in MASS GENERAL HOSPITAL INSTITUTE OF HEALTH PROFESSIONS

From your opinion: How and why the first caveman want to use technology?

The plaintiff’s 18-year-old son died suddenly at home. His body was taken to the hospital, where the cause of death could not be found without an autopsy. The deputy medical examiner ordered a postmortem examination. The plaintiff was a member of the Jewish Orthodox faith and refused the postmortem examination of his son on the basis that religious conviction prohibited any molestation of the body after death. Is freedom of religion curtailed by a law that has a compelling state interest?

How can information technology be used to enhance patient safety? Be specific and explain your answers.

Reflective practice enables nurses to develop their skills, increase their knowledge, and deal with emotionally challenging situations. Discuss how you will develop reflective practice, including feedback from supervisors and colleagues.

How involved did you feel in the feedback process? Did you self-assess your own skills before being given feedback? Did you understand the feedback given to you? What did you learn about yourself and your skills as a result of the feedback?

Peggy McIntosh stated, "White privilege is like an invisible weightless knapsack of special provisions, assurances, tools, maps, guides, codebooks, passports, visas, clothes, compass, emergency gear, and blank checks.” (Harvey & Allard, 2014, p29).

Others see advantages to success rooted in “dominant culture privilege” rather than “white privilege”. In other words, the more a person adopts the societal and business norms of the dominant culture, the more likely they are to succeed, no matter their heritage.   

To which (or both) of these theories do you subscribe and why?

1. The presence of protein in the urine indicates which of the following?

Select one:

A. damage to the renal tubules

B. damage to the filtration membrane

C. too much protein in the diet

D. high levels of transcription and translation by the bodies tissues

Question 2

Adipose tissue is one of the most hydrated of all tissues in the human body.

Select one:

True

False

Question 3

The path urine takes after it is formed until it leaves the body is the urethra, urinary bladder, and finally the ureter.

Select one:

True

False

Question 4

Which of the choices below exerts primary control over sodium levels in the body?

Select one:

A. ADH

B. glucocorticoids

C. aldosterone

D. water levels

Question 5

If the GFR is too low, needed substances may pass so quickly through the renal tubules that they are not absorbed and instead are lost in the urine.

Select one:

True

False

Question 6

It is impossible to overhydrate because people need as much water as they can drink to carry out ordinary body functions.

Select one:

True

False

Question 7

An important physical characteristic of urine is its specific gravity or density, which is ________.

Select one:

A. slightly higher than water

B. less than water

C. the same as water

D. much higher than water

Question 8

What is the best explanation for the microvilli on the apical surface of the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)?

Select one:

A. Their movements propel the filtrate through the tubules.

B. They increase the amount of surface area that comes in contact with the blood's plasma to help actively excrete toxins.

C. They hold on to enzymes that cleanse the filtrate before reabsorption.

D. They increase the surface area and allow for a greater volume of filtrate components to be reabsorbed.

Question 10

Which of the following is responsible for holding the lungs to the thorax wall?

Select one:

A. the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles alone

B. the visceral pleurae and the changing volume of the lungs

C. surface tension from pleural fluid and negative pressure in the pleural cavity

D. the smooth muscles of the lung

Question 11

For inspiration of air, which of the following happens first?

Select one:

A. air (gases) flows into lungs

B. thoracic cavity volume decreases

C. intrapulmonary pressure drops

D. diaphragm descends, thoracic volume begins to increase, and rib cage rises

Question 12

Which of the following anchor(s) the vocal folds?

Select one:

A. arytenoid cartilages

B. cricoid cartilage

C. corniculate cartilages

D. cuneiform cartilages

Question 13

Which of the following is INCORRECT?

Select one:

A. Gas flow equals pressure gradient over resistance.

B. Resistance equals pressure gradient over gas flow.

C. Pressure gradient equals gas flow over resistance.

D. The amount of gas flowing in and out of the alveoli is directly proportional to the difference in pressure or pressure gradient between the external atmosphere and the alveoli.

Question 14

Spirometry results reveal a vital capacity of two liters which is well below the predicted value of five liters. This suggests which disorder?

Select one:

A. restrictive disease

B. asthma

C. emphysema

D. obstructive pulmonary disease

Question 15

Using spirometry, a patient discovers their forced expiratory volume (FEV) after the first second is 40%. What does this suggest?

Select one:

A. exposure to asbestos

B. obstructive pulmonary disease

C. restrictive disease

Q no 27.

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of the large intestine?

Select one:

A. It does not contain villi.

B. It has pocket-like sacs called haustra.

C. It is longer than the small intestine.

D. It exhibits external muscular bands called teniae coli.

Question 30

The term metabolism is best defined as ________.

Select one:

A. the number of calories it takes to keep from shivering on a cold day

B. the length of time it takes to digest and absorb fats

C. a measure of carbohydrate utilization, typically involving measurement of calories

D. the sum of all biochemical reactions in the body

Q NO 32.

Which of the following is the best illustration of the difference between metabolism and digestion?

Select one:

A. Digestions must happen first for metabolism to follow it.

B. Digestion has a wide variety of chemical reactions while metabolism is restricted to only a few reaction types.

C. Metabolism comprises all of the chemical reactions preformed within the body while digestion is only the breakdown of food within the GI tract.

D. Digestion requires enzymes for it to take place while metabolism does not necessarily need or use them.

Question 33

Except for lactose and some glycogen, the carbohydrates we ingest are mainly from animals.

Select one:

True

False

Question 34

Pepsinogen is the precursor to the gastric enzyme for protein digestion and is secreted by the parietal cells.

Select one:

True

False

Question 35

The longest portion of the small intestine is the Answer.

Question 36

Paneth cells ________.

Select one:

A. secrete hormones

B. secrete digestive enzymes

C. secrete bicarbonate ions

D. secrete enzymes that kill bacteria

Question 37

The ingestion of a meal high in fat content would cause which of the following to occur?

Select one:

A. Increased production of trypsinogen.

B. Bile would be released from the gallbladder to emulsify the fat in the duodenum.

C. This type of food would cause secretion of gastrin to cease, resulting in faster gastric emptying.

D. The acid secretions from the stomach would be sufficient to digest this food but may cause heartburn.

Question 38

Gluconeogenesis, the formation of glucose from fats and proteins, is due to the action of ________.

Select one:

A. secretin

B. cortisol

C. insulin

D. aldosterone

Question 39

Normal development of the immune response is due in part to hormones produced by the ________.

Select one:

A. pancreas

B. thymus gland

C. thyroid gland

D. adrenal medulla

Question 40

Most amino acid-based hormones exert their signaling effects through intracellular ________.

Select one:

A. nucleotides

B. calcium

C. second messengers

D. deactivating ions

Question 41

Which of the following is NOT a component of the cyclic AMP signaling mechanism?

Select one:

A. effector enzyme

B. steroid

C. hormone receptor

D. G protein

Question 42

Thyroxine is a peptide hormone, but its mechanism is different from other peptide hormones. Which of the following statements is true concerning this difference?

Select one:

A. It does not require a second messenger to cause a response.

B. It is a stimulant of cellular metabolism and targets all cells.

C. It is very specific in the cell type it targets.

D. It causes positive feedback.

Question 43

The parathyroid glands respond to which type of stimulus?

Select one:

A. positive

B. humoral

C. hormonal

D. neural

Question 44

Glucagon ________.

Select one:

A. triggers the conversion of glucose into glycogen

B. stimulates the absorption of glucose from the blood

C. triggers gluconeogenesis

D. is considered a hypoglycemic hormone

Question 45

The hypothalamic-hypophyseal tract ________.

Select one:

A. is the site of prolactin synthesis

B. carries blood and hormones from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary

C. connects the hypophysis to the pituitary gland

D. conducts aldosterone to the hypophysis

Question 49

The oral contraceptive pill, informally called "the pill," primarily contains progesterone, or a synthetic version of this hormone. This effectively increases plasma concentration and works as a contraceptive because ________.

Select one:

A. it acts on the ovary to cause cessation of follicular cycling.

B. it prevents the proliferative or secretory phases of the menstrual cycle and the embryo will have no place to implant

C. it creates an acidic condition in the vginA that acts as a spermicide

D. it causes a thickening of the mucus plug at the cervix that prevents sperm from penetrating the womb and reaching the ovulated egg

Question 50

The dartos and cremaster muscles are important to the integrity of the male reproductive system. Which of the following best describes the role they play?

Select one:

A. They contract to allow ejaculation.

B. They regulate the temperature of the testes.

C. They contract to push sperm along the ductus deferens.

D. They are responsible for penile erection.

Question 51

Which of the following glands is responsible for producing 70% of semen volume?

Select one:

A. the prostate

B. the bulbourethral glands

C. the seminal vesicles

D. the pituitary

Question 52

Effects of estrogen include ________.

Select one:

A. increased oiliness of the skin

B. growth of the larynx

C. growth of the breasts at puberty

D. deepening of the voice

Question 53

During the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle, ________ reaches its highest levels.

Select one:

A. FSH

B. estrogen

C. LH

D. progesterone

Question 54

Which of the following statements is true concerning the mammary glands of both males and females?

Select one:

A. The mammary glands are modified sweat glands that are part of the integumentary system.

B. The only time hormones target breast tissue is during pregnancy and lactation.

C. Both sexes are equally prone to breast cancer.

D. All lumps identified in breast tissue are malignant.

Question 55

Normally menstruation occurs when ________.

Select one:

A. blood levels of FSH fall off

B. blood levels of estrogen and progesterone decrease

C. blood levels of estrogen and progesterone increase

D. the corpus luteum secretes estrogen

Question 56

During spermiogenesis ________.

Select one:

A. the acrosome migrates towards the anterior end of the spermatid because its hydrolytic enzymes will be needed for penetration when the sperm contacts the egg during fertilization

B. the acrosome migrates towards the anterior end of the spermatid because its pointy shape helps the sperm to move more efficiently

C. the acrosome migrates towards the posterior end of the spermatid because of its ability to propel the flagella moving the sperm through the female reproductive system towards the egg

D. the acrosome migrates towards the posterior end of the spermatid because its hydrolytic enzymes will be needed for digestion of the excessive cytoplasm around the flagella of the developing sperm

Question 57

It is necessary for the testes to be kept below body temperature for abundant, viable sperm formation.

Select one:

True

False

Question 58

Female orgasm is required for conception.

Select one:

True

False

Question 60

The soft mucosal lining of the uterus is the endometrium.

Select one:

True

False

Question 61

When a couple is having difficulty conceiving a child, it is necessary to investigate the sperm quality of the male.

Select one:

True

False

Question 62

Ovarian follicles contain mature eggs.

Select one:

True

False

Question 63

What causes the local breakdown of the zona pellucida to allow a spermatozoon to pass through?

Select one:

A. the process of capacitation

B. zonal inhibiting proteins

C. the acrosomal reaction

D. human placental lactogen

Question 64

Which hormone maintains the viability of the corpus luteum during early pregnancy?

Select one:

A. progesterone

B. human placental lactogen

C. estrogen

D. human chorionic gonadotropin

Question 65

Which body system of a pregnant woman undergoes the most dramatic physiological changes during pregnancy, i.e. greatest changes in volume?

Select one:

A. urinary system

B. cardiovascular system

C. digestive system

D. respiratory system

Question 66

The trophoblast is mostly responsible for forming the ________.

Select one:

A. archenteron

B. lining of the endometrium

C. allantois

D. placental tissue

Question 67

The cardiovascular system of a newborn must be adjusted after the infant takes its first breath. Which of the following is also true?

Select one:

A. The urinary system is activated at birth.

B. The foramen ovale between the atria of the fetal heart closes at the moment of birth.

C. The ductus venosus is disconnected at the severing of the umbilical cord and all visceral blood goes into the vena cava.

D. The ductus arteriosus constricts and is converted to the ligamentum arteriosum.

Question 68

Derivatives of the endoderm include ________.

Select one:

A. brain and spinal cord

B. epithelial lining of the respiratory tract

C. heart and blood vessels

D. kidneys and gonads

Question 69

Milk ejection (the letdown reflex) is stimulated by which of the following hormones associated with pregnancy?

Select one:

A. inhibin

B. prolactin

C. oxytocin

D. gonadotropin

Question 70

The corpus luteum prevents loss of the implanted embryo through menstruation by secreting ________.

Select one:

A. follicle-stimulating hormone

B. human chorionic gonadotropin

C. estrogens and progesterone

D. luteinizing hormone