Question

1. The presence of protein in the urine indicates which of the following?

Select one:

A. damage to the renal tubules

B. damage to the filtration membrane

C. too much protein in the diet

D. high levels of transcription and translation by the bodies tissues

Question 2

Adipose tissue is one of the most hydrated of all tissues in the human body.

Select one:

True

False

Question 3

The path urine takes after it is formed until it leaves the body is the urethra, urinary bladder, and finally the ureter.

Select one:

True

False

Question 4

Which of the choices below exerts primary control over sodium levels in the body?

Select one:

A. ADH

B. glucocorticoids

C. aldosterone

D. water levels

Question 5

If the GFR is too low, needed substances may pass so quickly through the renal tubules that they are not absorbed and instead are lost in the urine.

Select one:

True

False

Question 6

It is impossible to overhydrate because people need as much water as they can drink to carry out ordinary body functions.

Select one:

True

False

Question 7

An important physical characteristic of urine is its specific gravity or density, which is ________.

Select one:

A. slightly higher than water

B. less than water

C. the same as water

D. much higher than water

Question 8

What is the best explanation for the microvilli on the apical surface of the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)?

Select one:

A. Their movements propel the filtrate through the tubules.

B. They increase the amount of surface area that comes in contact with the blood's plasma to help actively excrete toxins.

C. They hold on to enzymes that cleanse the filtrate before reabsorption.

D. They increase the surface area and allow for a greater volume of filtrate components to be reabsorbed.

Question 10

Which of the following is responsible for holding the lungs to the thorax wall?

Select one:

A. the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles alone

B. the visceral pleurae and the changing volume of the lungs

C. surface tension from pleural fluid and negative pressure in the pleural cavity

D. the smooth muscles of the lung

Question 11

For inspiration of air, which of the following happens first?

Select one:

A. air (gases) flows into lungs

B. thoracic cavity volume decreases

C. intrapulmonary pressure drops

D. diaphragm descends, thoracic volume begins to increase, and rib cage rises

Question 12

Which of the following anchor(s) the vocal folds?

Select one:

A. arytenoid cartilages

B. cricoid cartilage

C. corniculate cartilages

D. cuneiform cartilages

Question 13

Which of the following is INCORRECT?

Select one:

A. Gas flow equals pressure gradient over resistance.

B. Resistance equals pressure gradient over gas flow.

C. Pressure gradient equals gas flow over resistance.

D. The amount of gas flowing in and out of the alveoli is directly proportional to the difference in pressure or pressure gradient between the external atmosphere and the alveoli.

Question 14

Spirometry results reveal a vital capacity of two liters which is well below the predicted value of five liters. This suggests which disorder?

Select one:

A. restrictive disease

B. asthma

C. emphysema

D. obstructive pulmonary disease

Question 15

Using spirometry, a patient discovers their forced expiratory volume (FEV) after the first second is 40%. What does this suggest?

Select one:

A. exposure to asbestos

B. obstructive pulmonary disease

C. restrictive disease

Q no 27.

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of the large intestine?

Select one:

A. It does not contain villi.

B. It has pocket-like sacs called haustra.

C. It is longer than the small intestine.

D. It exhibits external muscular bands called teniae coli.

Question 30

The term metabolism is best defined as ________.

Select one:

A. the number of calories it takes to keep from shivering on a cold day

B. the length of time it takes to digest and absorb fats

C. a measure of carbohydrate utilization, typically involving measurement of calories

D. the sum of all biochemical reactions in the body

Q NO 32.

Which of the following is the best illustration of the difference between metabolism and digestion?

Select one:

A. Digestions must happen first for metabolism to follow it.

B. Digestion has a wide variety of chemical reactions while metabolism is restricted to only a few reaction types.

C. Metabolism comprises all of the chemical reactions preformed within the body while digestion is only the breakdown of food within the GI tract.

D. Digestion requires enzymes for it to take place while metabolism does not necessarily need or use them.

Question 33

Except for lactose and some glycogen, the carbohydrates we ingest are mainly from animals.

Select one:

True

False

Question 34

Pepsinogen is the precursor to the gastric enzyme for protein digestion and is secreted by the parietal cells.

Select one:

True

False

Question 35

The longest portion of the small intestine is the Answer.

Question 36

Paneth cells ________.

Select one:

A. secrete hormones

B. secrete digestive enzymes

C. secrete bicarbonate ions

D. secrete enzymes that kill bacteria

Question 37

The ingestion of a meal high in fat content would cause which of the following to occur?

Select one:

A. Increased production of trypsinogen.

B. Bile would be released from the gallbladder to emulsify the fat in the duodenum.

C. This type of food would cause secretion of gastrin to cease, resulting in faster gastric emptying.

D. The acid secretions from the stomach would be sufficient to digest this food but may cause heartburn.

Answer 1

Question no 1

Filtration membrane in our human kidney is usually formed specificaly by the fused basement membranes of our bodies podocytes as we as the capillary endothelial cells . Specifically the Contractile mesangial cells will usually further perform a specific role in the regulating of the rate specificaly at which blood in our human body is filtered

There many of the diseases as well as conditions that will damage to that of our kidney's filtration apparatus, . Many condition like autoimmune disorder and diabetes mellitus will lead to damage to our bodies filtration membrane . Specifically thus type of damage to our filtration membrane will leads to a condition called as the nephrotic syndrome, that has the main features that is the presence of protein in the urine,

Option b is the correct answer

Option a is wrong as protein will not be present in urine when renal tubules is damaged

Option c is wrong as protein will not be present in urine when dietary protein intake is high

Option d is wrong as High level of transcription and by body will not present protein in urine