Question

Question 38

Gluconeogenesis, the formation of glucose from fats and proteins, is due to the action of ________.

Select one:

A. secretin

B. cortisol

C. insulin

D. aldosterone

Question 39

Normal development of the immune response is due in part to hormones produced by the ________.

Select one:

A. pancreas

B. thymus gland

C. thyroid gland

D. adrenal medulla

Question 40

Most amino acid-based hormones exert their signaling effects through intracellular ________.

Select one:

A. nucleotides

B. calcium

C. second messengers

D. deactivating ions

Question 41

Which of the following is NOT a component of the cyclic AMP signaling mechanism?

Select one:

A. effector enzyme

B. steroid

C. hormone receptor

D. G protein

Question 42

Thyroxine is a peptide hormone, but its mechanism is different from other peptide hormones. Which of the following statements is true concerning this difference?

Select one:

A. It does not require a second messenger to cause a response.

B. It is a stimulant of cellular metabolism and targets all cells.

C. It is very specific in the cell type it targets.

D. It causes positive feedback.

Question 43

The parathyroid glands respond to which type of stimulus?

Select one:

A. positive

B. humoral

C. hormonal

D. neural

Question 44

Glucagon ________.

Select one:

A. triggers the conversion of glucose into glycogen

B. stimulates the absorption of glucose from the blood

C. triggers gluconeogenesis

D. is considered a hypoglycemic hormone

Question 45

The hypothalamic-hypophyseal tract ________.

Select one:

A. is the site of prolactin synthesis

B. carries blood and hormones from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary

C. connects the hypophysis to the pituitary gland

D. conducts aldosterone to the hypophysis

Question 49

The oral contraceptive pill, informally called "the pill," primarily contains progesterone, or a synthetic version of this hormone. This effectively increases plasma concentration and works as a contraceptive because ________.

Select one:

A. it acts on the ovary to cause cessation of follicular cycling.

B. it prevents the proliferative or secretory phases of the menstrual cycle and the embryo will have no place to implant

C. it creates an acidic condition in the vginA that acts as a spermicide

D. it causes a thickening of the mucus plug at the cervix that prevents sperm from penetrating the womb and reaching the ovulated egg

Question 50

The dartos and cremaster muscles are important to the integrity of the male reproductive system. Which of the following best describes the role they play?

Select one:

A. They contract to allow ejaculation.

B. They regulate the temperature of the testes.

C. They contract to push sperm along the ductus deferens.

D. They are responsible for penile erection.

Question 51

Which of the following glands is responsible for producing 70% of semen volume?

Select one:

A. the prostate

B. the bulbourethral glands

C. the seminal vesicles

D. the pituitary

Question 52

Effects of estrogen include ________.

Select one:

A. increased oiliness of the skin

B. growth of the larynx

C. growth of the breasts at puberty

D. deepening of the voice

Question 53

During the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle, ________ reaches its highest levels.

Select one:

A. FSH

B. estrogen

C. LH

D. progesterone

Question 54

Which of the following statements is true concerning the mammary glands of both males and females?

Select one:

A. The mammary glands are modified sweat glands that are part of the integumentary system.

B. The only time hormones target breast tissue is during pregnancy and lactation.

C. Both sexes are equally prone to breast cancer.

D. All lumps identified in breast tissue are malignant.

Question 55

Normally menstruation occurs when ________.

Select one:

A. blood levels of FSH fall off

B. blood levels of estrogen and progesterone decrease

C. blood levels of estrogen and progesterone increase

D. the corpus luteum secretes estrogen

Question 56

During spermiogenesis ________.

Select one:

A. the acrosome migrates towards the anterior end of the spermatid because its hydrolytic enzymes will be needed for penetration when the sperm contacts the egg during fertilization

B. the acrosome migrates towards the anterior end of the spermatid because its pointy shape helps the sperm to move more efficiently

C. the acrosome migrates towards the posterior end of the spermatid because of its ability to propel the flagella moving the sperm through the female reproductive system towards the egg

D. the acrosome migrates towards the posterior end of the spermatid because its hydrolytic enzymes will be needed for digestion of the excessive cytoplasm around the flagella of the developing sperm

Question 57

It is necessary for the testes to be kept below body temperature for abundant, viable sperm formation.

Select one:

True

False

Question 58

Female orgasm is required for conception.

Select one:

True

False

Question 60

The soft mucosal lining of the uterus is the endometrium.

Select one:

True

False

Question 61

When a couple is having difficulty conceiving a child, it is necessary to investigate the sperm quality of the male.

Select one:

True

False

Question 62

Ovarian follicles contain mature eggs.

Select one:

True

False

Question 63

What causes the local breakdown of the zona pellucida to allow a spermatozoon to pass through?

Select one:

A. the process of capacitation

B. zonal inhibiting proteins

C. the acrosomal reaction

D. human placental lactogen

Question 64

Which hormone maintains the viability of the corpus luteum during early pregnancy?

Select one:

A. progesterone

B. human placental lactogen

C. estrogen

D. human chorionic gonadotropin

Question 65

Which body system of a pregnant woman undergoes the most dramatic physiological changes during pregnancy, i.e. greatest changes in volume?

Select one:

A. urinary system

B. cardiovascular system

C. digestive system

D. respiratory system

Question 66

The trophoblast is mostly responsible for forming the ________.

Select one:

A. archenteron

B. lining of the endometrium

C. allantois

D. placental tissue

Question 67

The cardiovascular system of a newborn must be adjusted after the infant takes its first breath. Which of the following is also true?

Select one:

A. The urinary system is activated at birth.

B. The foramen ovale between the atria of the fetal heart closes at the moment of birth.

C. The ductus venosus is disconnected at the severing of the umbilical cord and all visceral blood goes into the vena cava.

D. The ductus arteriosus constricts and is converted to the ligamentum arteriosum.

Question 68

Derivatives of the endoderm include ________.

Select one:

A. brain and spinal cord

B. epithelial lining of the respiratory tract

C. heart and blood vessels

D. kidneys and gonads

Question 69

Milk ejection (the letdown reflex) is stimulated by which of the following hormones associated with pregnancy?

Select one:

A. inhibin

B. prolactin

C. oxytocin

D. gonadotropin

Question 70

The corpus luteum prevents loss of the implanted embryo through menstruation by secreting ________.

Select one:

A. follicle-stimulating hormone

B. human chorionic gonadotropin

C. estrogens and progesterone

D. luteinizing hormone

Answer 1

38. Cortisol is a glucocorticoids hormone released from adrenal cortex. It causes gluconeogenesis.
Secretin helps regulate the ph of the small intestine. It inhibits release of gastric acid from stomach and stimulate bicarbonate production. It does not have a role in gluconeogenesis.
Insulin results in conversion of glucose to glycogen. It does not cause gluconeogenesis.
Aldosterone is associated with retention of water and sodium from renal tubules and helps regulate blood pressure and volume. It does not take part in gluconeogenesis

Answer : cortisol

39. Thymus gland releases hormone known as thymosis that helps in immune response production. Thymosin helps in maturation of T cells that take part in immune response against various pathogens.
Pancreas, adrenal medulla and thyroid does not take part in immune response.
Answer : thymus
40. Amino acid based hormones are hormones derived from amino acid. Examples of amino acid based hormone are epinephrine, norepinephrine, thyroxine.
These hormones exert their effect through intracellular second messengers.
Answer : second messengers

42. cAMP signalling pathway is a signalling cascade that results in cell to cell communication by using cyclic adenosine monophosphate.
Effector enzyme, hormone receptor, G protein all take part in cAMP pathway. Steroid does not take part in cAMP signalling pathway.
Answer : ster