Explain the procedure to select a low-pressure separator for a low gas-oil ratio well.

Mention all the steps and equations/tables/charts to be used in the selection process

The chlorination of methane is used to produce methyl chloride gas (CH3Cl) as a main product. In this reaction, the methane gas (CH4) reacts with chlorine gas (Cl2) to generate methyl chloride gas (CH3Cl) and hydrogen chloride gas (HCl) as well. Based on this information of reaction, you are asked to predict the product gas composition if the fractional conversion of the limiting reactant is 0.67 and the feed gas composition is 40 % CH4, 50% Cl2 and 10 % N2 (nitrogen). Assume 100 mol gas is fed to the reactor. (a) Develop the chemical reaction equation of chlorination of methane and process flow diagram as well. (b) Can you deduce a complete reaction occurs? Explain. (c) With calculation evidence, propose the limiting and excess reactant of the reaction and the percentage of excess reactant. (d) Perform the calculation to determine the product gas composition (%).

Consider the reaction NH4Cl(aq)NH3(g) + HCl(aq) The standard free energy change for this reaction is 62.8 kJ.

The free energy change when 1.72 moles of NH4Cl(aq) react at standard condition is____ kJ.

What is the maximum amount of useful work that the reaction of 1.72 moles of NH4Cl(aq) is capable of producing in the surroundings under standard conditions?_______

If no work can be done, enter none. kJ

You can make a snowball by packing snow together using hand pressure. The effect of this pressure increase is to partially liquefy the ice, which then re-freezes to hold the snow together. By comparing the phase diagrams of water and CO₂, determine whether it is possible to make analogous "dry ice balls."

Compare the equilibrium constant dependence on temperature with the van't Hoff Equation Comment on any differences and/or similarities.

A single-stage liquid/vapor separation for the unknown molecule (1) and molecule (2) mixture with mole fraction z₁=0.75 is operated at T=100°C and P=40 kPa. Determine the partial pressure of molecule (1) in the separator. The feeding rate of the mixture is 1mole/s and the molar fraction (V) of the vapor formed is 0.5. Saturated pressure of the molecule (1) is 50.00 kPa and that of the molecule (2) is 20 kPa at the separator temperature. Assume Raoult’s law applies. (8 points)

a liquid containing 60 mole percent benzene and 40 mole percent water is heated to 373k. Calculate the total pressure and the composition of the vapor in equilibrium with its liquid.
data corresponding to the vapor pressure in millimeters of mercury

temperature °C

benzene

toluene

Water

An experiment on the growth rate of certain organisms requires an environment of humid air enriched in oxygen. Three input streams are fed into an evaporation chamber to produce an output stream with the desired composition.

A: Output gas totals 74 moles

B: Air (21 mole% O, the balance N)

C: Pure oxygen, with a molar flow rate one-fifth of the molar flow rate of stream B

The output gas is analyzed and is found to contain 3.0 mole% water. Draw and label a flowchart of the process, and calculate the volumetric and molar flow rate of water into the system, the molar flow rate of air into the system, and the mole fractions for the output stream.

1. What is the Volumetric Flow rate of water into the system (cm³/min)?

2. What is the molar flow rate for Water (mole/min)?

3. What is the molar flow rate of pure O₂ into the system (mole/min)?

4. What is the mole fraction of O₂ in the product stream (moles of O₂/total moles)?

(a) Starting from entropy as a function of pressure and volume, S(P, V), show that

d S = C V T ( ∂ T ∂ P ) V d P + C P T ( ∂ T ∂ V ) P d V

For a certain gas that follows the following equation of state:

P(V-b) = RT

Where b is a constant

(b) Starting from the above relationship show that P(V-b)^γ=constant for the reversible adiabatic process. Assume constant heat capacity and γ=C_P/C_V as that for the ideal gas.

A refrigerator is running with tetrafluoroethane (R1-34a) as the fluid and working based on the following cycle.

Saturated vapor at -12^oC is entering the compressor and leaving it at 40^oC. The superheated vapor after the compressor then condensed at constant pressure to saturated liquid, which ethers the “Joule-Thompson” throttling valve and back to the initial pressure. Assume your system is operating ideally, with a cooling load of 0.2 kW (200 J/s).

(a) Draw the cycle on the P-H diagram and showing each of the steps.

(b) Develop the energy balance for each step, and calculate heat and mechanical power per kg of fluid for each step.

(c)What is the flow rate of cooling fluid needed?

(d) What is the coefficient of performance (COP) of the refrigerator?

A steam turbine operates adiabatically at a power level of 3500 kW. Steam enters the turbine at 2400 kPa and 500^oC and exhausts from the turbine at 20 kPa as saturated vapor. What is the flow rate of steam run through the turbine, and what is the turbine efficiency? Draw the process on the P-H diagram.

1. Draw a typical Rankine power cycle, i,e. arrangement of different devices and flow direction.

2. What is the physical significance of the second and third viral coefficients

3. Draw pressure-temperature (PT) phase diagram. Clearly label liquid, vapor, solid regions, triple point, critical point, fusion, vaporization, and sublimation curves.

4. Write down two characteristics of the ideal gas

5. Describe what is the standard state of a gas:

6. Intensive and extensive thermodynamic properties

7. Equilibrium

A vacuum purging technique is to be used to reduce the oxygen concentration within a cylindrical process vessel with a diameter of 1.5 m and a height of 2.5 m.

The oxygen concentration is to be reduced to 0.05 % by volume using nitrogen as the inert gas. The temperature is 20°C and the vessel is initially filled with air. A vacuum pump is used to reduce the pressure in the vessel 75 mm Hg absolute and the vacuum is then relieved with pure nitrogen until the pressure returns to 1 atmosphere.

Assume atmospheric air contains 21% by volume oxygen.

Determine: (i) The number of purge cycles required. (8)

(ii) The mass of nitrogen required in kg. (3)

(iii) The ratio of nitrogen required for vacuum purging to the nitrogen required for siphon purging. (3)

Ideal Gas Law Constant R = 8.314 kJ kmol-1 K-1

1 atm ≡ 760 mm Hg ≡ 1.013 bar

Consider a coal-fired steam power plant that produces 175 MW of electric power. The power plant
operates on a simple ideal Rankine cycle with turbine inlet conditions of
7 MPa and 550°C and a condenser pressure of 15 kPa. The coal has a
heating value (energy released when the fuel is burned) of 29,300 kJ/kg.
Assuming that 75% of this energy is transferred to the steam in the boiler
and that the pump has an efficiency of 80% and the electric generator has
an efficiency of 85%, determine:
a) the overall plant efficiency (the ratio of net electric power output
to the energy input as fuel)
b) the required rate of coal supply.