Can you please check the grammar and also put them in proper paragraphs?

From the results above, we can confidently state that the results obtained are reliable and accurate. The absolute quantification of DNA using a calibration curve in QPCR is an accurate method. And the quantity in each DNA sample can be quantified successfully using the standard curve equation (y = -3.383x + 50.979). The quality of the data obtained and interpreted using standard/calibration curves depends on the quality of the curve; this is, in turn, governed by various statistical factors. For instance, the accuracy of the curve can be considered focusing on its R2 values (regression coefficient). In the given curve, the R2 is 0.997, which is regarded as a good fit since it is nearly approaching the ideal value of R2, i.e., 1.
Another way to tell the quality and accuracy of the QPCR data is by the cycle shift of the dilution, which is governed by the slope of the curve. Since the given curve has an ideal slope (cycle shift) of -3.383, it makes the obtained data reliable and superior. In QPCR, the efficiency of the experiment is governed by the slope of the standard curve obtained (in other terms, a cycle shift between each 1/10 dilution). Since in the given standard curve, the slope is -3.383, it lies between −3.6 and −3.3, and hence the efficiency is 90-100%. This indicates that the QPCR experiment in question is accurate, and thus can be used for quantification.
Furthermore, qPCR tests can be done either absolutely or relatively. Relative quantification is when the internal reference genes are used to determine the differences (in folds) in the expression of the target gene. The change in mRNA expression levels is governed and used for quantification. Thus, this is considered as an indirect method and hence is ‘relative.’ However, the technique used here is a ‘direct’ one and is based on the exact quantification of DNA about a set standard/calibration curve. This makes it more reliable and accurate. Thus, the QPCR method is accurate and can be used for quantification.

A metal bar of length 30 cm, is initially at 25 ^oC. Then through an electrical wire heat is generated at a rate of 0.5 cal/cm³s. The left end (x = 0 cm ) is contacted with a medium at 10 ^oC. At the right end there is a heat loss due to the air convection at a flux of 0.6 cal/cm²s. The physical properties are, k = 2 cal/cm ^oC s, r = 8 g/cm³, Cp = 0.2 cal/g ^oC.

Use M = 0.25, Dx = 5 cm. Solve the model numerically to find the temperature at the length of 22.5 cm after 10 seconds.

The following is a simplified schematic of a corn ethanol process:

Milled Corn + Water --> Jet Cooking --> Fermentation --> Distillation and Dehydration --> 100% Ethanol

a. Calculate the theoretical yield of ethanol per kg of milled corn. (10 pts)

b. If the feed is slurry that contains 30 wt % milled corn, what is the highest ethanol concentration (wt. %) you would expect to see after fermentation? (10 pts)

The composition of corn is: starch - 62%, protein - 8%, water- 13%, fiber- 8%, fat - 7%, ash - 2%

A function of the feedback control system is desired: = (2 (s + 1)) / (s ^ 2 + 3s + 2). If the function transfer process is second order with gain = 4, time constant = 1, damping factor = 1.5, arrange the form of the PID controller function transfer using the direct synthesis method.

Which technique is commonly used to produce 316L stainless steel? Why?

Germanium-based semiconductors can be fabricated by adding the impurities of wither (i) bismuth or phosphorous and (ii) Aluminum or Gallium will produce ........................... and .................................. respectively

a) n-type and n- type

b)p-type and n-type

c) p-type and p-type

d) n-type and p-type

A solution of benzene and toluene is at equilibrium with vapour phase at 1 atm. Benzene and toluene form ideal solution. The vapour phase, which is at equilibrium with liquid (solution) is ideal gas. Activity of benzene in solution is 0.3.

a) Determine the temperature of the system at equilibrium.

b) Determine the vapour pressure of benzene at the system’s temperature.

Identify the likely corrosion mechanisms at the following locations: a. Hip stem made of titanium coupled with a cobalt chromium head b. Nitinol stent c. Fracture fixation plate made of stainless steel

A packed bed of uniform spherical particles of diameter, d= 2.5 mm, density ρs= 4000 kg/m3 , and voidage e= 0.45 is fluidised by means of a liquid of viscosity μ= 1 mN s/m2 and density ρ= 900 kg/m3 . (a) Starting from Carman’s and Ergun’s equations reported in the attached equations sheet, derive the corresponding expressions for the minimum fluidising velocity, umf, for both equations and explain their meaning.

A falling-head permeameter containing a silty clay loam soil sample has a sample diameter of 10 cm, a falling-head tube of diameter 2 cm, and a sample length of 4 cm. If the initial head is 15 cm. It falls 4 cm over a period of 6 hours. (a) Find the hydraulic conductivity of the soil sample in m/s and ft/d.

(b) What would be the hydraulic head after 12 hours?

(c) How long would it take for the hydraulic head to drop to 95% of the initial value?

An ideal gas is expanded from 5 bars to 1 bar through isentropic(reversible and adiabatic) operation of a turbine. For ambient conditions at 25°C and 1 bar, calculate the exergy of the turbine when the gas inlet temperature to the turbine is:

I) above ambient conditions at 250°C (8marks)

ii) below ambient condition at -50°C (8marks)

iii) comment on your answer to I and ii above (4marks)

(Cp=1.0KJ/Kg.K , n=1.4)

Carbon dioxide dissolved in soda can escape from the PET bottle slowly by means of diffusion. How long does it take for the soda to lose 10% of its original concentration? The following information might be useful: The inside surface of the bottle can be assumed to be saturated with carbon dioxide. The outside surface concentration can be neglected. It can be assumed that diffusion only takes place through the walls of the cylinder and not through the top or bottom. The bottle can be considered as a cylinder.

Diffusivity of CO2 in PET = 2×10-13 m2 /s;

Inner diameter of the bottle = 0.08 m;

Height of the bottle = 0.2 m;

Solubility limit of CO2 in PET = 10 kg CO2 per m3 of PET;

PET thickness = 0.5 mm;

Initial concentration of CO2 in cola = 7 g/L

State whether the following statements are CORRECT or FALSE. If statement is FALSE, correct it

. 1- Smelting is a process that is used to extract Aluminium from ore

. 2- To measure the mechanical property of a material, in non-destructive testing, you need to destroy the specimen.

mixture of 10 kmol of 70 mol% benzene in toluene is distilled at atmospheric pressure using differential distillation with a constant boil up the rate of 10 mol/min. When 50% (by mole) has been vaporized, report the residue composition, the average vapor composition, the temperature of the still, and how long the process takes using :

1. K-constant=1.48

2.alpha constant=2.41