. What are the advantages of Unit dose packaging over Multiple dose packaging and what further improvement in former is needed to help patient-compliance?

What are the difficulties of patient-compliance of Multiple dose

     medications prescribed by the physicians and how proper

     packaging design can help resolve it?

Using fuel/ air ratios. Find the values to fill in the following combustion reaction chart.

Note: the octane is part of the automobile fuel whereas the Decane is part of the jet fuel.

Pure gaseous hydrogen at 10 atm is stored in a 10-cm-diameter, spherical steel pressure vessel having a wall thickness of 3 mm. The solubility of H2 in steel under these conditions is 0.085 m3 (STP)/(m3 of solid . atm) and the diffusivity of H2 in steel at 300oC is 3.8x10-10 m2 /s (independent of pressure). You may assume that the H2 partial pressure outside the vessel is zero.

a) Calculate the steady–state rate of leakage (in kmol/h) of H2 from the vessel.

b) Calculate the time in hours for the pressure inside the vessel to decrease to 9 atm, assuming the temperature stays constant at 300oC.

We have a feed mixture of 22.0 mol% methanol, 47.0 mol% ethanol, 18.0 mol% n-propanol, and 13.0 mol% n-butanol. The feed is a saturated liquid, and F = 10,000 kmol/day. Recover 99.8% of methanol in distillate, and obtain a methanol mole fraction in distillate of 0.99.

a. Find D and B.

b. Find the compositions of distillate and bottoms.

A scientist is working with a hazardous, colourless, and odourless gas, silicon tetrafluoride (SiF₄). It is contained in a poly(ethyl methacrylate) (PEMA) polymeric container at 2 atm pressure. Please answer the following questions given the information below.

Permeant: silicon tetrafluoride (SiF₄), 104.1 g/mol

Polymer: poly(ethyl methacrylate) (PEMA)

P_{M,298 K} = 1.1x10^–14 cm³ STP cm/cm² s Pa

Q_d = 45 kJ/mol

Surface area of container: 300 cm²

Volume of container: 5000 cm³

Volume of room: 60 m³

Temperature: 298 K

1. If the airborne exposure limit for SiF₄ is 3 ppm over an 8 h period, what is the minimum wall thickness of the container?
2. If the pressure of the container is reduced to 0.5 atm, what is the new minimum wall thickness?
3. If the volume of the room is reduced by half, what is the new minimum wall thickness?
4. If the volume of the container is reduced by half, what is the new minimum wall thickness?
5. If the temperature of the room is increased by 20 ∘C, what is the new minimum wall thickness (please consider all factors that are affected by temperature)?

Determine the composition of the liquid in equilibrium with a mixture of 60 mole percent benzene and 40 mole percent toluene vapor, contained in a container subject to a pressure of 1 atm. Predict the temperature at which this equilibrium exists.

100 tons of MSW is combusted per day at a W.T.E. facility.

Assume the MSW is 100% dry volatile solids with the following molar ratio: C₉H₂O₄

Calculate the total oxygen demand of this 100 tons of waste in whole standard cubic feet per minute.

Postulate absorption mechanisms of prednisone. You need to justify your statement.

3. The water-gas shift reaction (CO + H­₂O à CO₂ + H_­2) occurs in a series of two reactors. An equimolar mixture of steam and CO (stream 1) enters the first reactor. The product stream from the first reactor (stream 3) and an additional stream (stream 3) containing pure steam enter the second reactor. The fractional conversion of CO in the first reactor is 0.610, and the fractional conversion of CO in the second reactor is 0.790. The product stream has a water (steam) mole fraction of 0.210.

1. Draw and fully label a PFD for the process.
2. What is the fractional conversion of CO for the overall process?
3. What is the ratio of the molar flow rate of stream 2 relative to the molar flow rate of stream 1?
4. Put a box around the answers to the questions in b. and c. You will receive 5 points for answering with the correct number of significant digits.

Use: Air at a temperature of 293 K, with 50% saturation pressure for water in the air far

above the pool and a velocity of 0.5 m/sec. The vapor pressure of water at this temperature

is 2.3388 kPa. The length is 10 m and the width is 4 m. How fast will the level drop in a

day? The kinematic viscosity of air is 1.51 x 10-5m2/sec. The gas constant is 8.314 Pa.m3/(mol.K). The diffusion coefficient is 0.25 cm2/sec.

Show all work and intermediate calculations WITH UNITS. Answers should be boxed with units.

Consider a standing person in the center of a large room. Approximate the person as a vertical cylinder of 1.8 m tall and 0.4 m diameter. Average surface temperature of the person is 33°C, and the emissivity of skin surface is 0.96. (a) Calculate the radiative heat transfer from this person. Neglect heat loss from the ends of the cylinder (b) What is the wavelength λmax where the maximum amount of energy will be radiated? (c) What region (primarily) of electromagnetic spectrum is the radiation calculated in b? (d) If a detector is available that can detect only in the wavelength range λmax ± 5 μm, what fraction of the total energy from the human being will this detector be sensitive to?

You burn 12.3 mL of octane (C8H18, a liquid with a density of 0.703 g/mL and a molar mass of 114.23 g/mol, which is a major component of gasoline) in a piston. Initial conditions of the piston:

Initial volume of 1.6 L (ignore the small volume contribution of liquid octane).

Initial pressure of 1.00 atm (which is also this system’s ambient pressure).

Initial temperature of 0.00 °C (which is also this system’s ambient temperature).

Initial content is air, 20.0% O2 and 80.0% N2.

You then perform a complete combustion reaction (hydrocarbon reacting with molecular gaseous oxygen to yield carbon dioxide gas and water VAPOR gas).

Final conditions of the piston:

Final pressure of 1.00 atm (it was allowed to equilibrate to ambient pressure)

Final temperature of 0.00 °C (it was allowed to equilibrate to ambient temperature).

Final contents contains the combustion products, leftover oxygen (if any), and unreacted nitrogen.

Calculate the final volume of the piston