Your assignment is to compute how big a square solar collector would have to be in order to provide power to

(1)       all the residents of the UAE

(2)        all the people of the world.

The power supplied should be equal to the current per capita consumption of the UAE. Assume that all the energy is to be supplied in the form of electricity.

In this assignment, you must specify the sources of all data you used in order to compute your answer.

For example some data you may need include:

• Population of the UAE and the world for the year 2018
• Per capita consumption of energy in the UAE (  current value )
• Average amount of electric power produced per square meter.

Grading:

Report all sources of data  --

Units clearly expressed in all calculations

Reasonable values used in all calculations

A mixture of propane and butane is burned with pure oxygen. The combustion products contain 46.7 mole% H2O. After all the water is removed from the products, the residual gas contains 68.6 mole% CO₂ and the balance O₂ a. What is the mole percent of propane in the fuel?

A stream of saturated water at 54 o C at 25 lbm/min and ammonia solution (50 wt%) at 150 lbm/min are fed to a boiler at 1 atm. The enthalpy of the ammonia solution relative to the reference conditions is 125 BTU/lbm. The liquid and vapor products are leaving the system. The liquid composition is to be 13 wt% NH3. Determine the rate at which heat must be transferred to the system. Includes diagram, mass balance, energy balance.

Describe three ways in which the composition of fuel changes while the reactor is in operation, and how each change affects reactor operation. You may discuss nuclear, chemical, or material changes, or a combination.

In FCC iron, carbon atoms are located at octahedral sites at the centre of each edge of the unit cell (1/2, 0, 0) and at the centre of the unit cell (1/2, 1/2, 1/2). In BCC iron, carbon atoms enter tetrahedral sites, such as (1/4, 1/2, 0). The lattice parameter is 0.3571nm for FCC iron and 0.2866nm for BCC iron. Assume that carbon atoms have a radius of 0.071nm.

(a) Would we expect a greater distortion of the crystal by an interstitial carbon in FCC or BCC iron?

(b) How is the distortion in FCC and BCC related to solubility of the interstitial carbon? Show your all work of calculation for a credit.

13. Injury factors important in radiation-caused damage include:

1. Energy of the particles
2. Number of particles, or activity
3. Region of the body subjected to the ionization event
4. All of the above

A sieve-tray tower is being designed for a gas absorption process. The entering gas contain 1.8% (molar) of A, the component to be absorbed. The gas should leave the tower containing 0.1% (molar) of A. The liquid to be used as absorbent initially contains 0.01% (molar) of A. The system obeys Henry’s law with m = yi / xi = 1.41. At the bottom of the tower, the molar liquid-to-gas ratio is 2.115, while at the other extreme it is 2.326. For these conditions, it has been found that the Murphree efficiency is constant at 0.65. Estimate the number of trays required.

Question 3

A sheathed thermocouple is placed in a combustion chamber to measure the temperature of the gases at a certain point in the process. The thermocouple reading is 1110K and the inside wall temperature was measured at 1008K. The thermocouple has a surface area of 10 mm2 .

(a) A pitot probe is used to measure the velocity of the gas stream in the vicinity of the thermocouple tip. It measures a difference in static and dynamic pressure of 10 Pa. The convection heat coefficient (W/m2K) between the hot gases and the thermocouple is given by a correlation:

h = K.u^0.466

where: u is the velocity in m/s

K = empirical constant at high temperature = 50

What is the true gas temperature?

(b) A thermocouple is instead embedded inside the wall of a small conductive tube of inside diameter 20 mm, outside diameter 25 mm and length of 30 mm. The tube and embedded thermocouple are at a uniform temperature of 1110K. Suction is applied to the tube so that hot gas is drawn through the tube at 200 m/s. The heat transfer coefficient between gas and tube can be calculated by the correlation in part (a).

Assume the inside wall temperature of the combustion chamber is still 1008K. What is the true gas temperature? What is the temperature reduction of the gas in passing through the 30mm length of the tube?

Notes:

The Stefan Boltzmann constant is 5.669x10-8 W/m2 .K4 Assume gas density = 0.28 kg/m3 over the entire range of temperatures in this question. Assume gas Cp =1.19 kJ/kg.K over the entire range of temperatures in this question. The emissivity of the thermocouple and radiation shield and combustion chamber walls are all 0.75.

Determine the heating area required for the production of 4535.9 kg/h of 50% NaOH solution from a 10% NaOH feed entering at 37.8oC. Evaporation is to be carried out in a single-body standard evaporator for which an overall coefficient of 2839 W/m2.K is expected. Steam is available saturated at 446.09 kPa and the evaporator can be operated at 32.4kPa. (A = 137.07 m2)

An irreversible heat pump heats a home on a cold winter’s day. The home loses heat to the outdoors at a rate of Q̇ = B (Tin − Tout), where B is a constant equal to 0.5 [kW/K]. The coefficient of performance (COP) of irreversible heat pump is 50% of that for a reversible heat pump (i.e., β ′ = 0.5 β ′ rev ). If the indoor temperature is to be maintained at 20 °C and the power input to the heat pump is 5 kW: a) Determine the outdoor temperature, Tout. [5 marks] b) Determine the coefficient of performance of the heat pump, β′. [5 marks]

1. Refrigerant R134a is entering a condenser and is being cooled by water. The refrigerant enters the condenser with a mass flow rate of 6 kg/min at 1 MPa and 70 ⁰C and leaves at 35 ⁰C. The cooling water enters at 300 KPa and 15 ⁰C and leaves at 25 ⁰C. Neglecting any pressure drop, determine:

1. The mass flow rate of the cooling water
2. The heat transfer rate from the refrigerant to the water.
3. The rate of entropy production within the heat exchanger in kW/K