Cite two examples of where Ion Exchange is used in Industry (any method, anionic, cationic or

mixed bed), what is being removed, and why.

A spherical particle having a diameter of 9.3 x 10^-3 inches and a specific gravity of 1.85 is placed on a horizontal screen. Air is blown through the screen vertically at a temperature of 20 oC and a pressure of l atm. Calculate the following:

(a) Velocity required to just lift the particle.
(b) Particle Reynolds number at the condition of part (a).
(c) Drag force.
(d) Drag coefficient C_D.

Given;

Viscosity of air = 1.23 x I0 ^-5 lbm/ft.s

Density of air = 7.52 x 10^-2 lbm/ft3

Gravitational constant (gc) = 32.2 lbm.ft/lbr.s2

Saturated steam at 300°C is used to heat a counter-current flowing stream of methanol vapor from 65°C to 240°C in an adiabatic (no heat exchange with surroundings) heat exchanger. The flow rate of methanol is 400 kg/minute, and the steam condenses and leaves the heat exchanger as liquid water at 90°C.

Calculate the required rate of heat transfer from the water to the methanol in kW. Then, calculate the required flow rate of entering steam in m3/min.

Can someone give file of the article about solvay process to manufacture the sodium carbonate

A plant must distill a mixture containing 70 mol% methanol and 30 mole% water. The overhead product is to contain 99 mol% methanol and the bottom product 1 mol% methanol. The feed is at its bubble point, a total condenser is used with a reflux ratio of 1.8 and with the reflux is at its bubble point. A kettle-type partial reboiler is used; the column is operated at 1 atm.

Use the McCabe-Thiele method to determine the number of trays needed to meet process specifications and the optimal location of the feed tray.

3. We wish to determine the thermal conductivity of an apple (= 950 kg/m3, Cp = 3200 J/kg K), which can be considered to be a sphere of radius R = 4 cm. To do this, we design an experiment in which a thermocouple is placed at the center of the apple. A rubber sphere of known properties (= 980 kg/m3, Cp = 1910 J/kg K, k = 0.17 W/m K) and the same radius (4 cm) is also provided with a thermocouple placed at its center. Both the apple and the rubber sphere are initially at 25 °C and they are immersed simultaneously in a perfectly-mixed water bath at 75 °C. After a certain time has passed, the two thermocouples read: Apple: 72 °C, rubber sphere: 45 °C. (a) Determine the thermal conductivity of the apple and the time at which the temperature readings were taken. (b) How much thermal energy (J) has been removed from the water bath during this process?

Air within a piston–cylinder assembly, initially at 15 lbf/ in.², 510°R, and a volume of 6 ft³, is compressed isentropically to a final volume of 1.75 ft³.


Assuming the ideal gas model with k = 1.4 for the air, determine the:

(a) mass, in lb.

(b) final pressure, in lbf/in.²

(c) final temperature, in °R.

(d) work, in Btu.

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) at 1 bar, 300 K enters a compressor operating at steady state and is compressed adiabatically to an exit state of 10 bar, 540 K. The CO₂ is modeled as an ideal gas, and kinetic and potential energy effects are negligible.


For the compressor, determine:

(a) the work input, in kJ per kg of CO₂ flowing,

(b) the rate of entropy production, in kJ/K per kg of CO₂ flowing, and

(c) the percent isentropic compressor efficiency.

1. A 3 L container is filled with 12 moles of N₂ at -140.6 °C. Calculate the pressure using ideal gas equation, van der Waals equation, SRK equation, virial equation, and the compressibility factor chart correlation.

1. Using Antoine’s equation, derive an expression to calculate heats of vaporization as a function of the A, B and C constants in Antoine’s equation and temperature. Use the derived expression to calculate heats of vaporization of water and benzene at their boiling points and 1 atm pressure. Compare the results with tabulated values of water and benzene.

130 kg of uniform spherical particles with a diameter of 60 mm and particle density 1500 kg/m³ are fludised by water (density 1000 kg/m³, viscosity 0.001 Pa s) in a circular bed of cross-sectional area 0.2 m². The single particle terminal velocity of the particles is 0.98 mm/s and the voidage at incipient fludisation is known to be 0.47. Determine:

a. The minimum fludised velocity            

b. height when the liquid flow rate is 2x10^-5 m³/s.  

Describe the differences between the following and listany particular advantages possessed by one over the other:

(a) phototubes and photomultiplier tubes .

A pickle factory discharges brine with a salt concentration of 7 g/L at a flow of 4.5 m3/s to a river with a flow of 150 m3/s and a salt concentration of 150 mg/L upstream of the pickle factory. The salt concentration in the river cannot exceed 400 mg/L.

(a) Is the factory in compliance with this standard? Support your answer with calculations. (pay attention to units!)

(b) Describe (in complete sentences) at least one potential environmental impact of the brine. It is not sufficient to copy and paste words from the lecture slide, you need to explain the issue.

An isothermic reaction is carried out adiabatically and the CSTR reactor design algorithm is shown as below:

The reaction is second order in A. The feed which is equimolar in a solvent and A, and its enters the reactor at a total volumetric flow rate, v0 of 10 dm3/min with the initial concentration of A being 4 M. The rate constant, k given as 0.1 dm3/mol.min at 380 K. Determine the conversion can be achieved in 600 dm3 CSTR by using the following methods:

a) Graphically

b) False position method with initial guesses of Xl =0.6 and Xu =0.9

c) Secant method with initial estimates of X-1 = 0.6 and X0, =0.9

Iterate until the approximate error falls below 1 %. Find the absolute relative approximate error at the end of each iteration.