A steam boiler of volume 2.3 m3 initially contained 1.7 m3 liquid water in equilibrium with
0.6 m3 of vapour at 100 kPa. The boiler is heated keeping the inlet and discharge valves closed.
The relief valve is set to lift when the pressure in the boiler reaches
5500 kPa. Determine the amount of heat supplied to the contents in the boiler before the relief
valve lifts.

he Deacon process uses hydrochloric acid and oxygen from air to produce chlorine gas and

water. Air is fed into the reactor at about 35% excess, and the fractional conversion to chlorine gas

is about 85%. Procurement needs to know how much acid to purchase, and we are thinking about

using 37% w/w HCl (12M), which has an overall density of 1.19kg/L. How many litres of this 37%

w/w HCl should we purchase per week to get 100,000 litres (STP) of Chlorine gas per week

Compare Step Counting method and detailed factorial method (Hand method) in terms of calculation constraints, calculation accuracy, design details availability and cost data availability. Then determine the best method to employ in this case.

A gas mixture consisting of 10% ethylene gas (C2H4) and 90% CO2 by mol is combusted with 50% excess air via the following unbalanced reaction: C2H4 (g) + O2 (g) à CO2 (g) + H2O (g) Air for the reaction is brought in from outdoors and cooled through a chiller to remove any humidity. The combustion product gas is pressurized so that all water vapor is condensed into liquid, which then combines with the water from the air chiller and exits through a separate H2O stream. a) Draw the process flow diagram. b) If the outdoor air has a dry bulb temperature of 30°C and 30% relative humidity (RH), how many mol of water leave the system (in the combined H2O exit stream) per mol of ethylene combusted? c) What is the molar volume (in L/mol) of the water-free combustion gas if it is pressurized to 150 atm at 20°C? CO2: Tc = 31.2°C, Pc = 72.8atm O2: Tc = -118.6°C, Pc = 49.8atm N2: Tc = -147°C, Pc = 33.5atm

For the dissociation reaction: A2(g) ⇌ A2(g)  
is the equilibrium constant K=0.347 at the temperature T=300K, when the status of the standard is adopted (in other words partial pressure 1 bar for gases).

A) Calculate the ΔGr for the reaction at T=300K

^{B) calculate at which total pressure the molar fraction is 0.280 at 300K for the mixture.}

Answer about anionic ‘living’ polymerization:
(a) What number-average molecular weight (Mn) polystyrene would be formed by polymerization of 10 g styrene with 0.1 g of butyl lithium, under complete living polymer system?

(b) Suggest three different ways to synthesize polystyrene-b-polybutadiene-b-polystyrene (SBS) tri-block copolymer with controlled block length.

A sample of poly(ethylene terephthalate), PET, was dissolved in a solvent to give a series of solutions of different concentrations (c). A membrane osmometer was used to measure the
corresponding osmotic pressures (pi) at 25 ^oC. Given that a plot by pi/c vs c gave an intercept equivalent to 94.2 J/kg and the point specified by pi/c = 141 J/kg and c = 8.70 x 10^-3 kg/dm³
lies on the plot, evaluate

(i) the second virial coefficient (A2), and

(ii) the average degree of polymerization (DPn) of PET molecule.

(gas constant R = 8.314 J/mol·K).

Air containing 2.1 mol% sulfur dioxide (SO2) is scrubbed with pure water in an absorption tower of 1.5 m2 cross-sectional area and 3.6 m height packed with structured packing materials at a pressure of 1.2 atm and a temperature of 20˚C. The surface area per unit volume of the packing, a, is 200 m2/m3.The total gas flow rate is 60 mol/s, the liquid flow rate is 1800 mol/s and the mole fraction of SO2 in the outlet gas stream is 0.3%. At the column temperature, the equilibrium relationship is given by:
y* = 25.0x
(a) Calculate NOG for the desired purification.
(b) Calculate mass transfer coefficient of liquid film (kx) if mass transfer coefficient of gas film, kp = 7.5 mol/m2-atm-s.
(c) If the packing height of the column is increased to 4.0 m (column diameter and packing materials unchanged), and the same inlet gas stream is purified by the same liquid solvent, how much is the mole fraction of SO2 in the leaving liquid and gas streams?

A protein is being separated on a chromatography column. The protein has been found to obey the Langmuir isotherm, with Stot= 300 µg/mL and Keq= 10 mL/mg. The concentration of the protein in the feed (3 liters) to the column is 2 mg/mL. The column flow rate is 2.0 liters/min. The column is 50 cm in diameter and 100 cm long. The void fraction of the chromatography bed is 0.35. Determine (a) the time for the protein shock front to exit the column, and (b) the time when the concentration of the protein in the diffuse wave is 0.01 mg/mL at the exit of the column.

130 kg of uniform spherical particles with a diameter of 60 mm and particle density 1500 kg/m³ are fludised by water (density 1000 kg/m³, viscosity 0.001 Pa s) in a circular bed of cross-sectional area 0.2 m². The single particle terminal velocity of the particles is 0.98 mm/s and the voidage at incipient fludisation is known to be 0.47. Determine:

The minimum fludised velocity and the bed height at incipient fludisation.                               

The mean fludised bed voidage and height when the liquid flow rate is 2x10^-5 m³/s.  

A mixture of 85% n-heptane, remaining toluene gas at 1 bar and 308 K is compressed to a final state at 1205.47 K and 63.73 bar. Estimate the enthalpy and entropy changes for the process using residual properties and by the Lee/Kessler correlations. In its initial state, the system may be assumed an ideal gas.

A gas contains 55.0 wt% methane, 5.00 wt% ethane, 35.0 wt% ethylene, and the balance water. If 100.0 kg/h of this fuel is to be burned with 30.0% excess air, what is the required air feed rate? in kmol/h What is the required feed rate if the combustion is only 75.0% complete? in kmol/h

1. You have 5 g of CO2 (w = 0.225) in a 50 mL container, which is at 723 ° C. Determine the gas pressure using the following equations and obtain the percentage of error with respect to the ideal gas:
a) Van der Waals. (3 points)
b) Virial truncated. (3 points)
c) Peng-Robinson. (3 points)
d) Soave-Redlich-Kwong. (3 points)