Question

In: Physics

Two points A and B on the surface of the Earth are at the same longitude and θ = 55.0° apart in latitude as shown in the figure below.

Two points A and B on the surface of the Earth are at the same longitude and θ = 55.0° apart in latitude as shown in the figure below. Suppose an earthquake at point A creates a P wave that reaches point B by traveling straight through the body of the Earth at a constant speed of 7.20 km/s. The earthquake also radiates a Rayleigh wave that travels at 3.05 km/s. In addition to P and S waves, Rayleigh waves are a third type of seismic wave that travels along the surface of the Earth rather than through the bulk of the Earth.

(a) Which of these two seismic waves arrives at B first?

the Rayleigh wave

the longitudinal P wave

(b) What is the time difference between the arrivals of these two waves at B? (The radius of the Earth is 6370 km.)

Expert Solution

(1A) The longitudinal P wave travels a shorter distance and is moving faster, so it will arrive at point B first. Thus, 2nd option is correct.

(B)

Radius of earth R = 6370 km

velocity of p wave vp = 7.2 km/s

velocity of r wave vr = 3.05 km/s

from the geometry of the figure;

Time taken by P wave;

Time taken by Rayleigh wave;

The time difference is

genius_generous answered 2 years ago

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