Question

Evaluate current methods of job analysis, recruitment, selection, training/development, performance appraisal, promotion, and separation.

Answer 1

Methods of Job Analysis:

Job Analysis

Job analysis is defined as detailed study of job analysis . Job analysis is done to systematically study a job to know the nature and the characteristics of people to be employed on various jobs. It is from a job point of view .

Various Methods Of Job Analysis Are:

Observation:

• Under this method the job analyst analyses and observes the employee.
• Under this job analyst observe the performance of his employee and question him to get the required data,even though this is a slow process but it will generate a good and complete job description.

Task inventory analysis:

• This technique is used to determine the (KSA) Knowledge,Skills and Ability needed to perform a job successfully.
• It uses a tailor made questionnaire and helps to develop job descriptions and performance appraisal forms.

Repertory Grid:

• It is developed by George Kelly and under this method the individual has undergone over one on one interviews in order to get the perception of the employee regarding the job.
• In this method 'elements' are the job holders and the 'constructs' are the thoughts of an individual through which the grid has been created and it is useful when to interview the super ordinates.

Questionnaire :

• Under this method the predefined questions are provided to the employees to get their perception about the job.

Interview

• Interview is a method under which the interviewer or the job analyst interviews the employees and tries to get a design updated job description from their replies.

Methods Ofrecruitment

Recruitment

• Recruitment is defined as a process of searching the prospective candidates and simulating them to apply for the job.

Various Methods Of Recruitment Are:

Job Posting :

• It is a method of recruitment in which the job descriptions are posted in the office or other freely available job websites such as LinkedIn, Monster.com Naukri.com and many other websites to attract the potential candidates.

Transfer and promotion

• Transfer and Promotion is also used to fill the vacancies within the Organization.
• A transfer refers to an internal movement of an individual within the same grade from one job to another job.
• Promotion refers to movement of employees from lower level position to higher level position. This will enhance their responsibilities ,duties ,status and values.

Employee referrals and former employees

• Under employee referral the currently working employee refer to some potential candidate for the job
• Under the former employee method the retired employee or employee who left the job for further education or to raise the family asks to join the job because they have predefined experience and knowledge.

Campus recruitment

• Under this method companies select the right and talented candidate from a vast pool of young applicants within a limited time period. The companies visited college to find the potential candidate who is suitable for the job.

Methods Of Selection :

Selection

Selection is defined as the process of picking the right candidate with the right qualification and competency for the desired job.

Various Methods Of Selection Are:

Aptitude test

• Aptitude test is a predefined test consisting of various questions to assess the intellectual level of an individual.
• It consist of various methodology of test, such as:

Psychometric test: This test has been conducted to measure the ability of candidates to do specific jobs by measuring their mental or motor ability.

Clerical Aptitude Test: Under clerical aptitude test the individual's workability and accuracy has been measured.

Achievement test :Under achievement test the individual's level of knowledge in a particular area has been measured.

Situational test

• Under situational tests real-life conditions have been simulated to a person spontaneously and his reaction is measured.
• Such a test is conducted in order to learn how individuals react in particular situations.
• It includes group discussion,personality test, interest test etc.

Interview

• Interviews help to assess the candidate in depth and directly.
• Interview can be of many types such as:

Preliminary interview is a basic interview between candidate and personal manager about the job and the Organization.

Core interview under which background information,stress interview and panel interview has been conducted

Decision making interview under this decision has been taken regarding the selection of candidate.

Methods Of training/development

Training/Development

Training is defined as a systematic process by which individuals learn knowledge, skill and ability to do a job in a better way.

Development is defined as by which managers develop their ability to manage.

Various Methods Of Training/development Are:

Role playing

• Under role playing participants assume an identity other than their own to act out real or hypothetically.

Conference

• Conference method is a highly structured method where a leader provides a message to a large number of people.

Job rotation

• Job rotation refers to the transfer of an employee from one job to another job or from one department to another department or from one section to another section and planned manager.

Job instruction training

• It is a process of training the employee one-on-one where periodic instructions have been provided by the trainer to the employee so that the employee will perform their jobs systematically.

Methods Of Performance Appraisal:

Performance Appraisal

Performance appraisal is also called Performance Evaluation is a method of evaluating the behavior of employees in the workplace .

Various Methods Of Performance Appraisal Are:

Straight Ranking method

• This is the simplest and the oldest method of performance appraisal where ranking has been provided to the employee on the basis of their performance from "best" to "worst".

360 degree Performance appraisal

• It is a systematic method of collection and feedback of performance data of an individual or group of employees according to their performance.

Management by objective

• It is given by Peter F Drucker under which the individual evaluation has been done on the outcome he produced rather than his behavior.

Graphic rating scale

• Under the graphic rating scale the ranking scale has been generated on the basis of certain traits and the rating has been given to the individual such as "average, adequate, satisfactory or meet standards" in order to evaluate the employees job performance.
• It is also called Linear or Simple Rating Scale.

Methods Of Promotion:

Promotion

Promotion is an important tool or marketing mix (IMC) which consists of advertising,personal selling, sales promotion, public relations, publicity,direct marketing, online marketing, Word-of-Mouth and other selling tools.

Promotion plays a key role to win the hearts and minds of people by successful campaigning of products.

Various Methods Of Promotion Are:

Advertisement :

• Advertisement is derived from latin word 'advertere' which means 'to turn attention'.Advertisement is non-personal means of communication to inform, motivate & persuade audiences to buy a product or render the service.It is used to turn the attention of the audience towards services.
• Advertisement should always be creative and unique so that it will catch the eye of people.
• For example :Advertisement of Amul, Advertisement of Apple IPhone etc. are designed in such a way that they attract people's eyes.

Public Relations :

• The process of shaping and maintaining the image of an individual,company or organization in the eye of the public.
• This can be done by directly meeting the people and collecting feedback from them or providing best after sales service to people.

Direct Marketing :

• Direct marketing is an important part of the promotion program where organisations directly communicate with the target audience to create awareness, generate response and to shape the image of the product.
• For using a direct marketing company has to do an STP to analyze and evaluate the needed target audience and then develop strategy to communicate with them.

Word of mouth

• Word of mouth refers to passing the information from person to person that is by using face to face communication, telephone email and text messaging.
• Example of word of mouth communication is like organizations Swiggy and other food delivery apps generate mails in order to attract and communicate through their customers.

Sales promotion

• According to William J Stanton-"Sales promotion is an exercise in information persuasion and influence".
• Example of sales promotion can be considered as usage or trial of a product by a company before its establishment.

Methods Of Separation :

Separation

Separation is defined as when an individual left the job due to certain reasons and he has to be separated from the organization.

Various Methods Of Separation Are:

Job change

• When the current employee working in an Organization switches his job due to the other attractive facilities in the other companies it falls under the job change category.

Retirement

• Retirement is provided to win individual when he has completed his age and all his contract with the Organization has been terminated.

Death

• Sudden death of a current employee also results in the separation of employees from the Organization.
• In such cases the employee's family has been provided with the various benefits from the Organization so that his family will live properly.

Voluntary retirement

• It is also called the Golden Handshake Rule under which if an employee is not performing well or he is not according to the performance of an Organization then he has been asked to give a voluntary retirement.
• Or if an individual genuinely wants to retire from his current job then he will also use such a voluntary retirement separation method.
• Voluntary retirement method is a retrenchment separation strategy used by the firm.