Consider the following passage:
The first and most manifest way is the argument from motion. It is certain and evident to our senses that some things are in motion. Whatever is in motion is moved by another.... For 'motion' means the reduction of something from a state of potentiality into a state of actuality. But a thing can be reduced from a state of potentiality into a state of actuality only by something already in a state of actuality.... It is impossible for the same thing should be simultaneously in a state of actuality and potentiality from the same point of view, but only from different points of view.... Therefore, whatever is in motion must be put in motion by another, and that by another again. This cannot go on to infinity, because then there would be no first mover, and, consequently, no other movers--since subsequent movers only move insofar as they are put in motion by the first mover.... Therefore it is necessary to arrive at a first mover, put in motion by no other; and this everyone understands to be God.
The following question has 2 parts:
Please formalize the argument presented in this passage.
Please present your one best criticism of the argument presented in
the passage
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a. increases visual resolution |
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b. improves color vision |
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c. creates a blind spot on the retina |
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d. increases visual acuity |
Hubel and Weisel (1963) recorded from individual neurons from visual cortex. They found that neurons in primary visual cortex
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a. responded selectively to elementary features of visual stimuli |
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b. responded selectively to geons but not to different colors |
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c. did not respond selectively to any visual stimuli. |
Desimone, et al (1984) presented macaque monkeys with stimuli that included bananas, black snakes, toilet brushes, and faces, and recorded from individual neurons from visual-temporal cortex. The results showed that
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a. neurons responded to all of these stimuli in the same way. |
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b. neurons responded selectively to face stimuli. |
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c. neurons responded selectively to the snake stimuli. |
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d. neurons responded selectively to the faces and the toilet brush stimuli. |
I keep talking about “neurons responding selectively” to things. What does it mean for a neuron to “respond selectively”?
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a. The neuron fires when it wants to, no matter what the stimulus is. |
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b. The firing rate increases and decreases randomly. |
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c. The neuron fires more when a stimulus is presented and significantly less when the stimulus is not presented. |
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