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In: Biology

please write 3 paragraph explain bout poly a tail

please write 3 paragraph explain bout poly a tail

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Expert Solution

The poly-A tails in eukaryotic cell functions as stabilizers of mRNAs. They are a long chain of adenine which is to be added to a messenger RNA molecule while processing the RNA before it is prepared for protein synthesis. The process of polyadenylation of RNA occurs inside the nucleus. As soon as the eukaryotic cell's DNA is transcribed into RNA, initially called the primary RNA transcript, it undergoes various modifications like capping, tailing, intron splicing and histone mRNA processing until it's maturity. These modifications prevent the RNA from degradation outside the nucleus and allow the RNA to take part in protein synthesis.
During the adenylation process, the 3' end of the primary RNA transcript is cleaved which is necessary to obtain a free 3' hydroxyl. Next, the poly-A polymerase enzyme starts adding a chain of adenine nucleotides to the end. During this process, 100-250 long residues of poly-A tails are added in the eukaryotic cells and around 70-80 long residues in prokaryotes. The modifications somehow are stable in relatively long poly-A tails. The survival chance ranges from 30 minutes to hours or throughout the lifetime of that mRNA until it is translated to proteins. Sometimes very short oligo -A tails can result in decay of the RNA which was first reported in bacteria. These short oligo-A tails sometimes promote the entry of 3' exonucleolytic degradation.
The poly-A tails help in controlling the RNA turnover, long tails prevent decay whereas the short tails promote it. Degradation doesn't take place beyond a certain threshold. Further, this modification provides stimulation of translation initiation process which involves interaction between the poly-A binding protein in the cytoplasm and the translation initiation factor eIF4G.


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