Question:

1. Why do engineers prefer to use to ‘constant failure rates’ for reliability calculations? Consider also the ‘convolution functions’ .
2. What conclusions do you draw from the article for preventative maintenance? From your analysis and understanding of the course, how would you modify reliability analysis to comply with the article or would you accept the limitations?

A six lane urban freeway (three lanes in each direction) in mountainous terrain has 10-ft lanes and obstructions 5 ft from the right edge. For every mile of freeway, there is one interchange. The traffic stream consists of mostly commuters with a peak hour factor of 0.84, peak hour volume of 2500 vehicles, and 4% recreational vehicles. What is the LOS? Assume base free flow speed of 70 mph

Problem 3 A column supports a roof and a second floor. The loads that act on the column are shown below. Using the ASCE 7 load combinations determine the factored design load in the column just above the second floor and the factored design load in the column just above the foundation. Show all load combination calculations and identify the controlling load combination and resulting load values at each design location. ( “ - “ load : indicates it is going away from the diaphragm surface)

Service Loads:

Roof Live Load 5.5 kip

Snow Load 6 kip

Roof Vertical Wind Load - 2.5 kip

Roof Horizontal Wind Load 9.2 kip

Roof Vertical Earthquake Load ±1.5 kip

Roof Horizontal Earthquake Load 9 kip

Roof Dead Load Maximum 3.5 kip

Roof Dead Load Minimum 2.75 kip

Live Load 9 kip

2 nd Floor Vertical Earthquake Load ±3.5 kip

2 nd Floor Horizontal Earthquake Load 20 kip

2 nd Floor Horizontal Wind Load 8 kip

2 nd Floor Dead Load Maximum 7 kip

2 nd Floor Dead Load Minimum 7 kip

Problem 2: A simple roof beam with a span 30 ft has a tributary width of 5 ft. The nominal loads that act on the roof system are shown below. Using the ASCE 7 Strength Design load combinations determine the factored design load in the beam (plf). Show all load combination calculations and identify the controlling load combination and resulting design values for positive and negative moment (±Mu) and shear (Vu).

Nominal Loads

Roof Live Load 20 psf

Snow Load 26 psf

Roof Vertical Wind Load -16psf

+5 psf

Roof Rain Load 12 psf

Roof Vertical Earthquake Load ±8 psf

Roof Dead Load Maximum 25 psf

Roof Dead Load Minimum 18 psf

Which of the following are stormwater management principles?

Select one:

a. Maintain water cycle balance

b. Disconnect. Decentralize. Distribute.

c. Integrate early into site design process

d. Protect/utilize natural systems

e. All of the other answers are correct.

3. Consider the following situation and answer the subsequent questions to the best of your engineering ability and judgment. a. There are two Schultz Creek watersheds, East and West. The East drains into unincorporated communities east of Flagstaff, and the West drains into the City of Flagstaff itself. The key point about ‘unincorporated’ is that this means these residents did not live in a city or town, and for some infrastructure aspects like storm drainage, there were no requirements or regulations. Prior to 2010 both of these watersheds were heavily forested and due to almost a hundred years of fire suppression instead of fire management, both watersheds had accumulated thick, water-absorbing masses of pine needles and decomposed pine needles on the forest floor. This prevented the watersheds from ‘delivering’ runoff to its streams in normal years because all of the precipitation was stored in the pine needle layers, sometimes referred to as ‘duff’. Only in heavy snow and rain years, about once every 5-7 years, would the streams flow, instead of every one or two years. i. The East Schultz Creek Watershed is approximately 14 square miles in area. The West is about 6 square miles in area. Assume that the following hydrologic soil group percentages hold for both watersheds prior to 2010: 5% HSG D, 8% HSG C, 15% HSG B, and the rest is HSG A, due to the extensive duff in the watershed.

How can sewage treatment that combines both aeration and sedimentation in the same tank can be improve to treat high concentration of ammonia?

Describe some of the ways on which non-sway building frames are likely to undergo failure. Please include references.

Q1. Describe the aircraft parking system and runway configurations.

Please type the answer, if not possible you can write but at least 1-2 pages and also write relevant points.

A vertical curve has an incoming grade of -3.2% and the exit grade is +2.2%. The length of the curve is 800 ft. The stationing and elevation at the point of intersection of the grades are 73+22 and 1842.35 ft.

Compute the curve and determine elevations on the curve at the +00 points. Then determine the elevation of the curve at the low point. If a sewer pipe is to pass underneath at the lowest point, what elevation should the top of the pipe be located at if the required amount of cover below the driving surface is 4.50 ft?

a. Compare the suitability of the solid rectangular and hollow square columns to support a compressive load.

Comment on two of their key geometrical design aspects.

You are a PE working in the field with your surveying crewing laying out the foundation for an office building. The landowner comes by and asks you to survey the boundaries of the property, since “you are already out here, and I’m paying for it.” What should your response be? What do you need to consider?

• What can interior designers do to support indoor air quality?
• How are interior designers involved in avoiding problems with illnesses related to buildings?
• What can interior designers do to prevent indoor mold?

Question 1:

A) Identify five promising technologies used for construction, safety and health management. For each technology, highlight at least three benefits and three limitations.

B) Using Hierarchy of Control framework as a guide, discuss the impact/effectiveness of technologies discussed in problem 1.

Please Answer part B