A normalized message signal has a bandwidth of W = 10 KHz and a power of
Pm= 0.75 . It is required to transmit this signal via a channel with an available bandwidth
of 80 KHz and attenuation of 50 dB. The channel noise is additive and white
with a power-spectral density of N0/2 = 10^(-10) watts/Hz. A frequency-modulation
scheme, with no pre-emphasis/de-emphasis filtering, has been proposed for this
purpose.
1. If it is desirable to have an SNR of at least 40 dB at the receiver output,
what is the minimum required transmitter power and the corresponding
modulation index?
2. If the minimum required SNR is increased to 60 dB, howwould your answer
change?
3. If in part 2, we are allowed to employ pre-emphasis/de-emphasis filters with
a time constant of τ = 75μsec, how would the answer to part 2 change?

In Microbots, When you press the red stop button of the teach pendant in the middle of the execution of a @STEP command, the Microbot stops immediately. Given that there are no sensors to independently determine the current position and orientation, how can you prepare for and recover from this event without having to recalibrate the robot manually to its home position?

Assume that no slippage occurs. Please include algorithm in pseudocode to explain the solution.

Gives the following four numbers:
a.01101010 b.11110001 c.10001000 d.00100010
then answer the questions:
(i) What's the decimal value of each signed binary number in the sign-magnitude
form?
(ii) What's the decimal value of each signed binary number in the 1’s complement
form?
(iii) What's the decimal value of each signed binary number in the 2’s complement
form?
(iv) Perform a + b in the 2’s complement form.
(v) Perform d – c in the 2’s complement form.
(vi) Multiply a by b in the 2’s complement form.
(vii) Divide c by d in the 2’s complement form.

Without quantization procedure how much of actual information is lost during analog to digital conversion process?? Justify your answer?

Question 3
a) A coil consist of 2000 turns of copper wire having a cross sectional area of 0.8mm2. The mean length per turn is 80 cm and the resistivity of copper is 0.02μΩ-m. Find the resistance of the coil and power absorbed by the coil when connected across 110V D.C supply. AN [8marks]
b) A circuit consist of four 100W lamps connected in parallel across a 230V supply. Inadvertently, a voltmeter has been connected in series with the lamps. The resistance of the voltmeter is 1500Ω and that of the lamps under the conditions stated is six times their value when burning normally. What will be the reading of the voltmeter?
CR[8marks]
c) Explain why a capacitor has a high reactance for a direct current. EV[4marks]

A conductive sphere with radius ? = 1 ? has been increased to the potential ?₀ = 1 ???? (constant). The environment outside the sphere is the void.

a) Find clear expression of potential function in the region outside the sphere

b) Find the clear expression of the electrostatic field vector.

c) Find the total load on the sphere.

d) Find the capacity of the sphere.

Explain how system-level specification and modeling languages are selected for performance evaluation of system-on-chip (SoC) blocked-based designs

What aspect of the materials used in nanotechnology differentiates it from the nanoscale devices that the semiconductor industry has been making for decades?

Exam question 9: Noise

You are responsible for running an experimental project in the hospital, which is about studying the nurse's motor function while doing some typical work. You have therefore built a wireless system for measuring EMG signals. The laboratory is located next to the hospital laundry room

9.a): Which external sources of noise might be in this place? (mention at least 5)

9.b): How do these noise sources connect to your system?

9.c): Explain your strategy to reduce the noise described in (9a).

3. Draw and explain the working principle of successive approximatin DVM digital voltmeter approaches if used to measure dc voltages of 7.5 volts! Make a time diagram.

BUCK FILTER TRANSFER FUNCTION (CCM) USING MATLAB

I. State-space Modelling and Transfer Function of Ideal Buck Converter

1. Write the AC state-space for an ideal Buck Converter under CCM, given
the state-variables iL^(t) and vc^(t),
input variables d^(t) and vs^(t), and
output variables iL^(t) and vc^(t).

2. Create the state-space model in Matlab using R=5/3 ohms, L=10 uH, C=242 uF, Vs=Vin= 20 V, Vo = 5 V, D=5/20

3. Extract the transfer functions from the state-space model.
vo^(s)/vs^(s),
vo^(s)/d^(s),
iL^(s)/vs^(s),
iL^(s)/d^(s)

4. Write the expressions for the transfer functions.

5. Plot the pole-zero maps, step-responses, and Bode plots of the transfer functions.

II. State-space Modelling and Transfer Function of Buck Converter with Parasitics

1. Write the AC state-space for an ideal Buck Converter under CCM, given
the state-variables iL^(t) and vc^(t),
input variables d^(t) and vs^(t), and
output variables iL^(t) and vo^(t).

2. Create the state-space model in Matlab using R=5/3 ohms, L=10 uH, C=242 uF, Vs=Vin = 20 V, Vo = 5 V, D=5/20, rL=25mohm, rC=25mohm

3. Extract the transfer functions from the state-space model.
vo^(s)/vs^(s),
vo^(s)/d^(s),
iL^(s)/vs^(s),
iL^(s)/d^(s)

4. Write the expressions for the transfer functions.

5. Plot the pole-zero maps, step-responses, and Bode plots of the transfer functions.

Write a VHDL code for a 8x8 bit multiplier. use structural approach. write the design code and testbench. Use for-generate if possible

***** PLEASE solve using MATHCAD, I am unsure on how to solve properly with this application. Thank you so much!

Problem 7:

Design a Silicon diode that has a breakdown voltage =20V and has a junction capacitance of 1 pF at no biasing.