describe the structure of a generalized plasma membrane . Include the major components (lipids,proteins,glycolipids, polysaccharides).Describe transport mechanisms by which materials move into and out cells.
In: Anatomy and Physiology
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
QUESTION 14
Where does haematopoiesis take place?
1. |
Lungs |
|
2. |
Pancreas |
|
3. |
Liver |
|
4. |
Bone marrow. |
1 points
QUESTION 15
The greatest medical problem with the Rh blood group is:
1. |
transfusion incompatibility |
|
2. |
chronic anemia for Rh negative individuals |
|
3. |
chronic anemia for Rh positive individuals |
|
4. |
none of the above |
1 points
QUESTION 16
In the ABO blood system, you normally can be type:
1. |
A |
|
2. |
B |
|
3. |
ABO |
|
4. |
A, B, AB, or O |
|
5. |
All of the above |
1 points
QUESTION 17
When blood clumps or forms visible islands in the still liquid plasma, it is called:
1. |
clotting |
|
2. |
agglutination |
|
3. |
none of the above |
1 points
QUESTION 18
More commonly called platelets
1. |
Erythrocytes |
|
2. |
Leukocytes |
|
3. |
Thrombocytes |
1 points
QUESTION 19
Mother-fetus Rh blood type incompatibility problems can occur if the mother is _____ and her fetus is
1. |
Rh positive; Rh positive |
|
2. |
Rh positive; Rh negative |
|
3. |
Rh negative; Rh positive |
|
4. |
Rh negative; Rh negative |
|
5. |
b and c |
1 points
QUESTION 20
An increased white blood cell count is indicative of which disease?
1. |
Lupus |
|
2. |
Leukaemia |
|
3. |
Anaemia |
|
4. |
Melanoma |
1 points
QUESTION 21
Which of the following is the function of white blood cells?
1. |
Transport oxygen. |
|
2. |
Maintain homeostasis. |
|
3. |
Defend against infection. |
|
4. |
Produce haemoglobin. |
1 points
QUESTION 22
More commonly called red blood cells
1. |
|
|
2. |
Leukocytes |
|
3. |
|
1 points
QUESTION 23
Which of the following statements about erythrocytes is correct?
1. |
They fight infection. |
|
2. |
They clot blood. |
|
3. |
They lack a nucleus. |
|
4. |
They are produced in the spleen |
1 points
QUESTION 24
What would happen to red blood cells if the haem group were removed from haemoglobin?
1. |
Red blood cells would not be able to bind oxygen |
|
2. |
Red blood cells would not be able to reproduce |
|
3. |
White blood cells would not be able to reproduce |
|
4. |
Blood clot formation would be inhibited. |
1 points
QUESTION 25
Venous blood is :
1. |
Bluish |
|
2. |
Dark red |
|
3. |
Bright red |
|
4. |
Pale red |
In: Anatomy and Physiology
discuss the steps of how a skeletal muscle contracts.
In: Anatomy and Physiology
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
QUESTION 1
Most of the volume of normal human blood is composed of:
1. |
red cells |
|
2. |
hemoglobin |
|
3. |
plasma |
|
4. |
white cells |
QUESTION 2
Also called white blood cells
1. |
Thrombocytes |
|
2. |
Erythrocytes |
|
3. |
Platelets |
|
4. |
Leukocytes |
QUESTION 3
Platelets are formed from what type of cell?
1. |
Melanocytes |
|
2. |
Macrophages |
|
3. |
Astrocytes |
|
4. |
Megakaryocytes |
QUESTION 4
Which of the following statements is true regarding the ABO blood system?
1. |
People who have the A antigen normally would not produce the anti-A antibody. |
|
2. |
People who are type AB normally produce both anti-A and anti-B antibodies |
|
3. |
The only ABO type blood that normally does not have either A or B antigens is AB. |
QUESTION 5
Hematopoietic organs of fetus
1. |
Liver and spleen |
|
2. |
Bone marrow of flat bone |
|
3. |
Kidney and spleen |
|
4. |
Epiphyses of long bone |
QUESTION 6
The relatively clear liquid medium which carries the other cells of blood is called:
1. |
lipid |
|
2. |
antibody |
|
3. |
plasma |
QUESTION 7
Which of the following statements is true about the ABO blood system?
1. |
It was discovered in the 1950's |
|
2. |
It was discovered by Karl Landsteiner |
|
3. |
Few people are actually typed for this system because of the difficulty of the procedure and high cost. |
|
4. |
a and b |
1 points
QUESTION 8
The hormone erythropoietin stimulates red blood cell production in the red bone marrow. Where in the body is erythropoietin produced?
1. |
Spleen |
|
2. |
Kidney |
|
3. |
Liver |
|
4. |
Thyroid |
1 points
QUESTION 9
Hematopoietic organs of adults
1. |
Liver and spleen |
|
2. |
Kidney and spleen |
|
3. |
Epiphyses of long bone |
|
4. |
Bone marrow of flat bone |
1 points
QUESTION 10
When a fetus' blood is agglutinated by its mother's Rh antibodies, the severe anemia that results is called:
1. |
immunization |
|
2. |
ectopic pregnancy |
|
3. |
erythroblastosis fetalis |
1 points
QUESTION 11
Average value of an adult's hematocrit
1. |
80 % |
|
2. |
45 % |
|
3. |
70% |
|
4. |
30% |
1 points
QUESTION 12
Thrombocytes are not blood cells
True
False
1 points
QUESTION 13
Hematopoiesis
1. |
formation and maturation of blood cells from hematopoietic stem cells |
|
2. |
breakdown of red blood cells |
|
3. |
formation of leukocytes |
|
4. |
color pigment of red blood cells |
In: Anatomy and Physiology
In: Anatomy and Physiology
In: Anatomy and Physiology
In: Anatomy and Physiology
It is important to recognize that even though a male might have adequate sperm production in the testes, depletion of the reserves in the cauda epididymis can occur rapidly. From a practical standpoint, how many females can a animal male service in a day? Explain your reasoning.
In: Anatomy and Physiology
1. Describe structural difference of the two main types of hormones, their mechanisms of action on target cells and the three types of stimuli regulating their secretion.
2. Describe how red blood cells are produced and based on their structure, how they transport gases in the blood.
3. Describe in detail the four regulating mechanisms of stroke volume and how it influences cardiac output.
I was looking for help in these three questions for my anatomy and physiology class. Thanks!
In: Anatomy and Physiology
Hank, a 17-year-old high school student, suffered a heart attack during a recreational swim. An autopsy revealed that he had had atherosclerosis and that his death had been caused by coronary artery disease. What might have been the cause of this disease that usually strikes a person much older than Hank?
In: Anatomy and Physiology
In: Anatomy and Physiology
1. Enterochromaffin-like cells of the gastric mucosa can be triggered to release histamine. Histamine, in this case, causes nearby parietal cells of the stomach lining to produce hydrochloric acid. The effect of histamine on parietal cells would best be described as a(n) ________.
a. paracrine |
b. autocrine |
c. exocrine |
d. second messenger |
2. Which of the following statements is true of amino acid-based hormones?
a. They are lipid soluble. |
b. They are synthesized from cholesterol. |
c. They require a receptor in the plasma membrane. |
d. They cross the plasma membrane. |
3. Cyclic AMP (cAMP), diacylglycerol (DAG), inositol triphosphate (IP3), and calcium ions can serve as second messengers.
a. True |
b. False |
4. Which of the following is NOT a component of the cyclic AMP signaling mechanism?
a. G protein |
b. hormone receptor |
c. effector enzyme |
d. steroid |
5. The effect of a hormone on a target cell may be decreased by the presence of ________.
a. plasma membrane receptors |
b. synergistic hormones |
c. antagonistic hormones |
d. permissive hormones |
6. Hormones that bind to plasma proteins ________.
a. are usually water soluble |
b. must also bind to plasma membrane receptors |
c. are usually made of amino acids |
d. are usually synthesized from cholesterol |
7. Which of the following is correctly matched?
a. zona reticularis gonadocorticoids |
b. zona glomerulosa epinephrine and norepinephrine |
c. adrenal medulla glucocorticoids |
d. zona fasciculata mineralocorticoids |
Please answer the questions with a, b, c or d as the answers wont really need explanations. Thanks
In: Anatomy and Physiology
Compare and contrast the wall of the GI tract in the following regions: mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. How does the wall change throughout the course of the body? Be specific. What additional cells and glands are present in each section and what do they do? Be specific.
In: Anatomy and Physiology
what is the major function of the skin an d how is it accomplished?
In: Anatomy and Physiology
Homeostatic Case Study
Patient: Mr. Kaunda70-year-old man with
respiratory problems
History: A 70-year-old man with chronic
renal failure was in the hospital in serious condition recovering
from a heart attack. He had just undergone "coronary angioplasty"
to redilate his left coronary artery, and was thus on an "npo" diet
(i.e. he was not allowed to have food or drink by mouth). He
received fluid through an intravenous (IV) line.
Late one night, a new nurse who really did not
understand the concept of osmolarity came into the patient's room
to replace the man's empty IV bag with a new one. Misreading the
physician's orders, he hooked up a fresh bag of IV fluid that was
"twice-normal" saline rather than "half-normal" saline (in other
words, the patient starting receiving a fluid that was four times
saltier than it should have been).
This mistake was not noticed until the following
morning. At that time, Mr. Kaunda had marked pitting edema around
the hip region. He complained that it was difficult to breathe as
well. Blood was drawn, revealing the following:
Na+
159 mEq / liter (Normal = 136-145 mEq / liter)
K+
4.9 mEq / liter (Normal = 3.5-5.0 mEq / liter)
C1-
100 mEq / liter (Normal = 96-106 mEq / liter)
A chest x-ray revealed interstitial edema in the
lungs.
Questions:
Will the interstitial fluid increase or decrease the
"osmolarity"(concentration) due to the nurse's mistake?Which
electrolytes were out of the normal range and in which
direction?
Given your knowledge of osmosis, will the patient’s
cells increase or decrease in size? Explain your
answer.
Can you explain why the patient may have
edema?
What is the function of aldosterone and how will the
increase in osmolarity affect the blood aldosterone
levels?
Is Mr. Kaunda susceptible to hyponatrenia or
hypernatremia? What possible symptoms could Mr. Kaunda develop from
his present (osmotic) condition?
Are there any other normal homeostatic mechanisms that
the body has, to control the situation Kaunda faces? How might it
react in this situation?
In: Anatomy and Physiology