Consider the osteon and the arrangement of the concentric circles.

• Discuss the direction of the osteon in compact, cortical bone, and in spongy bone.
• What are some similarities and differences and why?

chief Complaint: 40-year-old man with a cough and dyspnea. History: Joe Butt, a 40-year-old white male with a 52-pack-year smoking history suffered from chronic bronchitis. For the last several months he has been on an antibiotics treatment. Three weeks ago, his otherwise normal smoker’s cough started producing bloody sputum ("hemoptysis"). In the past week Joe has become increasingly short of breath ("dyspnea"). A routine chest X-ray revealed a couple of quarter-sized opacities in his right lung around the alveoli. Bronchoscopic examination revealed the tumors were nearly occluding two major bronchioles in his right lung. A bronchial biopsy revealed the diagnosis: bronchogenic carcinoma. Questions: 1. What is "bronchogenic carcinoma"? What medical professional most likely confirmed the nature of the biopsy? 2. Describe the structure of the bronchial epithelium. How many layers of cells make up this tissue? 3. Describe what the “mucociliary escalator" is and it’s function in the respiratory system. 4. What two conditions do you think have led to Joe experiencing a shortness of breath ("dyspnea")? 5. What is the most likely or common way that this type of cancer may metastasize (i.e. spreading to other parts of the body)?

As spermatozoa travel through the epididymal duct they gain key factors that are needed for the spermatozoa to function outside of the male reproductive tract. What does each segment of the epididymis contribute? Include a drawing to illustrate your answer in the same below.

In order to lose weight, a person must be ________________.

Bony tissue is arranged in concentric rings called osteons (or Haversian systems).

Consider what you learned about intracellular communication from chapter 4, and explain the following:

• How osteocytes communicate with each other
• What role is played by the lacunae, the canaliculi, the central arteries and the perforating arteries (Volkmann's arteries).
• Additionally, consider cellular growth, nutrition, and repair in relation to osteocytes.

describe the structure of a generalized plasma membrane . Include the major components (lipids,proteins,glycolipids, polysaccharides).Describe transport mechanisms by which materials move into and out cells.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

QUESTION 14

1. Where does haematopoiesis take place?

   	1.	Lungs
   	2.	Pancreas
   	3.	Liver
   	4.	Bone marrow.

1 points   

QUESTION 15

1. The greatest medical problem with the Rh blood group is:           

   	1.	transfusion incompatibility
   	2.	chronic anemia for Rh negative individuals
   	3.	chronic anemia for Rh positive individuals
   	4.	none of the above

1 points   

QUESTION 16

1. In the ABO blood system, you normally can be type:

   	1.	A
   	2.	B
   	3.	ABO
   	4.	A, B, AB, or O
   	5.	All of the above

1 points   

QUESTION 17

1. When blood clumps or forms visible islands in the still liquid plasma, it is called:

   	1.	clotting
   	2.	agglutination
   	3.	none of the above

1 points   

QUESTION 18

1. More commonly called platelets

   	1.	Erythrocytes
   	2.	Leukocytes
   	3.	Thrombocytes

1 points   

QUESTION 19

1. Mother-fetus Rh blood type incompatibility problems can occur if the mother is _____ and her fetus is

   	1.	Rh positive; Rh positive
   	2.	Rh positive; Rh negative
   	3.	Rh negative; Rh positive
   	4.	Rh negative; Rh negative
   	5.	b and c

1 points   

QUESTION 20

1. An increased white blood cell count is indicative of which disease?

   	1.	Lupus
   	2.	Leukaemia
   	3.	Anaemia
   	4.	Melanoma

1 points   

QUESTION 21

1. Which of the following is the function of white blood cells?

   	1.	Transport oxygen.
   	2.	Maintain homeostasis.
   	3.	Defend against infection.
   	4.	Produce haemoglobin.

1 points   

QUESTION 22

1. More commonly called red blood cells

   	1.	Erythrocytes
   	2.	Leukocytes
   	3.	Thrombocytes

1 points   

QUESTION 23

1. Which of the following statements about erythrocytes is correct?

   	1.	They fight infection.
   	2.	They clot blood.
   	3.	They lack a nucleus.
   	4.	They are produced in the spleen

1 points   

QUESTION 24

1. What would happen to red blood cells if the haem group were removed from haemoglobin?

   	1.	Red blood cells would not be able to bind oxygen
   	2.	Red blood cells would not be able to reproduce
   	3.	White blood cells would not be able to reproduce
   	4.	Blood clot formation would be inhibited.

1 points   

QUESTION 25

1. Venous blood is :

   	1.	Bluish
   	2.	Dark red
   	3.	Bright red
   	4.	Pale red

discuss the steps of how a skeletal muscle contracts.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

QUESTION 1

1. Most of the volume of normal human blood is composed of:

   	1.	red cells
   	2.	hemoglobin
   	3.	plasma
   	4.	white cells

QUESTION 2

1. Also called white blood cells

   	1.	Thrombocytes
   	2.	Erythrocytes
   	3.	Platelets
   	4.	Leukocytes

QUESTION 3

1. Platelets are formed from what type of cell?

   	1.	Melanocytes
   	2.	Macrophages
   	3.	Astrocytes
   	4.	Megakaryocytes

QUESTION 4

1. Which of the following statements is true regarding the ABO blood system?

   	1.	People who have the A antigen normally would not produce the anti-A antibody.
   	2.	People who are type AB normally produce both anti-A and anti-B antibodies
   	3.	The only ABO type blood that normally does not have either A or B antigens is AB.

QUESTION 5

1. Hematopoietic organs of fetus

   	1.	Liver and spleen
   	2.	Bone marrow of flat bone
   	3.	Kidney and spleen
   	4.	Epiphyses of long bone

QUESTION 6

1. The relatively clear liquid medium which carries the other cells of blood is called:

   	1.	lipid
   	2.	antibody
   	3.	plasma

QUESTION 7

1. Which of the following statements is true about the ABO blood system?

   	1.	It was discovered in the 1950's
   	2.	It was discovered by Karl Landsteiner
   	3.	Few people are actually typed for this system because of the difficulty of the procedure and high cost.
   	4.	a and b

1 points   

QUESTION 8

1. The hormone erythropoietin stimulates red blood cell production in the red bone marrow. Where in the body is erythropoietin produced?

   	1.	Spleen
   	2.	Kidney
   	3.	Liver
   	4.	Thyroid

1 points   

QUESTION 9

1. Hematopoietic organs of adults

   	1.	Liver and spleen
   	2.	Kidney and spleen
   	3.	Epiphyses of long bone
   	4.	Bone marrow of flat bone

1 points   

QUESTION 10

1. When a fetus' blood is agglutinated by its mother's Rh antibodies, the severe anemia that results is called:     

   	1.	immunization
   	2.	ectopic pregnancy
   	3.	erythroblastosis fetalis

1 points   

QUESTION 11

1. Average value of an adult's hematocrit

   	1.	80 %
   	2.	45 %
   	3.	70%
   	4.	30%

1 points   

QUESTION 12

1. Thrombocytes are not blood cells

   True

   False

1 points   

QUESTION 13

1. Hematopoiesis

   	1.	formation and maturation of blood cells from hematopoietic stem cells
   	2.	breakdown of red blood cells
   	3.	formation of leukocytes
   	4.	color pigment of red blood cells

It is important to recognize that even though a male might have adequate sperm production in the testes, depletion of the reserves in the cauda epididymis can occur rapidly. From a practical standpoint, how many females can a animal male service in a day? Explain your reasoning.