In: Anatomy and Physiology
In: Anatomy and Physiology
In: Anatomy and Physiology
In: Anatomy and Physiology
In: Anatomy and Physiology
Epidemiology: Calculate the answers using the table.
Sick |
Well |
Total |
||
Yes |
82 |
5 |
87 |
|
Ate the Salomon |
No |
4 |
18 |
22 |
Total |
86 |
23 |
109 |
Find the incidence proportion:
Find the Attack rate:
Find the food-specific attack rate:
Find the risk ratio:
In: Anatomy and Physiology
In: Anatomy and Physiology
Do both biblical and scientific research and discuss your theory on why individuals should not eat blood. Does your research impact how you view God? Does it impact how you view blood?
In: Anatomy and Physiology
Within the female Anopheles mosquito, the malaria-causing protist, Plasmodium sp., is in a gametocyte form, whereby the male gametocyte (microgamete) enters the female gametocyte (macrogamete) to form an ookinete that develops into an oocyst within the midgut of the mosquito. Within the oocyst, multiple sporozoites form, which upon rupturing of the oocyst the sporozoites are released and can infect humans when the female mosquito seeks out a blood meal and inoculates humans with their saliva.
Once entering the human bloodstream the Plasmodium undergoes two life cycle stages. The first is the exo-erythrocytic stage whereby the sporozoites enter hepatocytes and become schizonts that undergo asexual multiple divisions (hence their name). When the hepatocytes rupture merozoites are released and enter the bloodstream where they infect erythrocytes, which begins the second life cycle stage called the erythrocytic stage. Plasmodium uses erythrocyte surface antigens called Duffy factors to enter the cell. Upon entering the erythrocyte the merozoites become schizonts that fill the erythrocyte and eventually cause it to rupture and release more merozoites. These merozoites either re-infect erythrocytes or become gametocytes, which are taken up by Anopheles mosquitos when taking a blood meal.
While in erythrocytes, Plasmodium alters the surface proteins of the erythrocyte so that it will adhere to blood vessel walls, rather than pass through the spleen where infected erythrocytes are destroyed. Adhering erythrocytes occlude blood vessels and reduce blood flow, a conditioned called ischemia. Likewise, these adhering erythrocytes can pass Plasmodium through the blood vessel lining and into organs, which include passing through the blood-brain barrier and causing cerebral malaria.
a) What assumption can be made about Plasmodium’s ability to evade detection by the immune system? If detected, which Plasmodium life stages would be identified and why?
b) What cellular event marks the end of the exo-erythrocytis and erythrocytic stages? Will this event alter blood plasma cation concentrations? If yes, how and what (if any) would the repercussions be on neuronal potentials?
c) During ischemia, what type of metabolism is taking place in tissue deprived of oxygen? What metabolic by-product will accumulate in the tissue?
d) Systemic tissue cells have potassium/proton exchangers in their plasma membranes. What effect will this have on neuronal potentials?
In: Anatomy and Physiology
When type B blood is given to a person with type A blood, __________.
the B antigen from the donor reacts with anti-A antibody in the recipient
the B antigen from the donor reacts with anti-B antibody in the recipient
the A antigen from the donor reacts with anti-A antibody in the recipient
the B antigen from the recipient reacts with anti-B antibody in the donor
In: Anatomy and Physiology
Which of the following are antigen-presenting cells?
Macrophages
B cells
Cytotoxic T cells
All of these choices are correct answers.
Only the first and second choices are correct answers.
In: Anatomy and Physiology
Guidelines - Shifting Perspective Essay
INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
SHIFTING PERSPECTIVES PAPER
(750 - 1000 Words)
Purpose
The purpose of this assignment is to help you (1) understand how others view an interpersonal issue, (2) recognize the merits and drawbacks of each person’s perspective and (3) recognize how an interpersonal issue may not be as important as it first seems. Although understanding perception is difficult, the reward of increased empathy is well worth the effort.
Instructions
Select one disagreement or other issue which is now affecting an interpersonal relationship in your life. Record enough background information for an outsider to understand the issue (Who is involved? How long has the disagreement been going on? What are the basic issues involved?). Describe the issue from each of the four positions listed below. Record your considerations at the end of this exercise. Pages 131-132; 134-135 of your text will be especially helpful to you while preparing for this assignment.
Construct your paper as an essay following the format below. It should be no longer than 1000 words.
Section 1 – Background Information
Position 1: Explain how you are right and the other person is wrong
Position 2: Explain how the other person’s position is correct, or at least understandable
Position 3: Show that there are both correct (or understandable) and mistaken (or unreasonable) parts of both positions
Position 4:
Section 2 – Your Considerations
What additional considerations or input do you have on the situation?
Interpersonal Communication Essay!!
In: Anatomy and Physiology
In the posterior midline of the vertebral arch, the ____________ projects posteriorly from the right and left laminae.
In: Anatomy and Physiology
Describe the anatomy and the process of leather formation. Which layer(s) of the skin is involved?
In: Anatomy and Physiology
An antagonist is a muscle that _____.a. sablizes a joint,b. directly performs a specific movement, c.contracts at the time as other muscles. contracts in direct opposition to another muscle
In: Anatomy and Physiology