Question

Chapter 13 Study Guide

1. Explain fetal brain development through the first 8 weeks.

2. What are the major regions of the adult brain?

3. What are the function of the regions of the adult brain?

4. What are the ventricles of the brain?

5. What is the corpus callosum?

6. Explain what the meninges are, what are the three layers, and the characteristics of each layer.

7. Describe what cerebrospinal fluid is and where it is produced.

8. What is the medulla oblongata and where is it found?

9. What are the functions of the medulla oblongata?

10. What is the pons and where is it found?

11. What are the functions of the pons?

12. Explain the cerebellum and what does it do in terms of function?

13. What are Perkinje cells (not fibers like in the heart) and where are they found?

14. Where is the diencephalon and what are its functions?

15. What is the limbic system and where is it found?

16. What is the insula of the brain? Specifically what centers are found in it and where is it found?

17. What are gyri?

18. What are the functions of the cerebral cortex?

19. Explain the functions of the cranial nerves:
    1. Olfactory
    2. Optic
    3. Oculomotor
    4. Trochlear
    5. Trigeminal
    6. Abducens
    7. Facial
    8. Vestibularcochlear
    1. Glossopharyngeal
    10. Vagus
    11. Accessory
    50. Hypoglossal

20. Classify each cranial nerve as sensory, motor, or mixed:
    1. Olfactory
    2. Optic
    3. Oculomotor
    4. Trochlear
    5. Trigeminal
    6. Abducens
    7. Facial
    8. Vestibularcochlear
    1. Glossopharyngeal
    10. Vagus
    11. Accessory
    50. Hypoglossal

21. What are the different functional regions of the cerebrum?

22. Explain how damage to the Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas affect language and how they are different from one another.

23. Explain sensory receptors and their functions.

24. Explain the different nervous system disorders listed in the textbook. Do not list them, but explain them.

Answer 1

1.Brain development occurs from the three vesicles of the embryo's neural tube.

• prosencephalon/forebrain
• mesencephalon/midbrain
• rhombencephalon/hindbrain

By approximately 4.5 to 5 menstrual weeks, the primitive neural plate has developed. The neural plate then divides into the neural crest and the neural tube. The neural tube differentiates into the primitive brain and the spinal cord.

At about 7 to 8 menstrual weeks, the primary vesicles of the brain are formed and can be recognized with endovaginal sonography.

The forebrain further separates into the telencephalon (cerebrum) and diencephalon (thalamus and related structures).

The midbrain links the diencephalon and telecephalon to the rest of the brainstem.

The hindbrain further divides into the metencephalon (pons and cerebellum) and myelencephalon (medulla oblongata)

2.

3.

4.

Corpus callosum is a thick band of nerve fibres that divides the cerebral cortex lobes into left and right hemisphere it connects the right and left hemisphere of brain to allow communication between both hemisphere