Verapamil is a drug that blocks Voltage-dependent Calcium channels. Would Verapamil be useful in treating tachycardia or bradycardia and why (must explain mechanism of action)?

Prosimians (lemurs, lorises, and tarsiers) use their sense of smell to find food, have a pronounced snout, are quadrupedal, and have a long tail used for balance. Apes have a flattened face, no tail, use their sight for finding food, and are quadrupedal. Humans are bipedal, use sight to find food, have a flattened face, and have no functional tail. Monkeys have a flattened face, use their eyesight to find food, are quadrupedal, and have a functional tail. If the prosimians condition is pleisiomorphic, draw a cladogram showing the phylogeny of primates. Include the synapomorphies as slashes on your cladogram in the appropriate places and which each one is.

Art-Ranking Activity: The electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation

All tissues change as a result of aging. Proper nutrition and good health can promote normal tissue functioning past middle age but can only do so much. As a result, anti aging skin products are huge industries in our country. Do you think that these creams/potions, etc., can really make a difference in fighting aging? Why or why not? What do you think about the article from Science Daily and the possibility of an anti-aging pill?  

Briefly define the following terms:

1. Preload
2. Afterload
3. Starling’s law of the Heart

1. This is a very complicated problem. A condition termed panhypopituitarism is a disorder in which secretions from the anterior pituitaryare inadequate. In adults it often develops secondary to compression of the hypophyseal portal circulation, as could occur following a severe head injury or with a brain tumor.
   1. List the specific hormones and their target tissues that would be affected by panhypopituitarism. Which pituitary hormones would be less likely to be affected?
   2. Do you think that the secretion of releasing hormones from the hypothalamus would be increased or decreased in panhypopituitarism?? The answer to this is not entirely known but based on principles of physiological regulation (feedback and all that), you should be able to give an educated guess.

Prepare an outline that identifies the major “non-immune” protective barriers against microbial invasion.

How does the Rubella Virus pass from mother to placenta to fetus, causing congenital rubella syndrome?

Does the virus enter through gas exchange? If so, how?

From there, how does the rubella virus infect the cells of the fetus at a molecular level?

Thank you!

How is keratin is formed (mixture of keratin fibers & keratohyalin)

Describe the development of the eye and the distinct neuron pathways that allow for the complex processing of visual information.

• What is the optic placode and where does it originate?
• The temporal and nasal retinal fields are distinctly innervated. What causes the embryological difference between these structures?
• How does neuronal pathfinding work, both in general and in the optic nerve specifically?
  • What causes decussation in the optic chiasm?
  • Why do only some of the neurons decussate?
• How does the brain develop a map of the visual field?