Case Study – Atherosclorosis Francois was shoveling some light snow off of the driveway when he suddenly experienced a severe chest pain. He felt a weight on his chest and was having trouble breathing. A stab of pain also radiated across the left side of his neck and down his left arm. His wife called 911 and an ambulance picked him up and brought him to the local hospital. The resident told him that he was suffering from angina pectoris. As he lay there resting, the pain subsided and he began paying attention as the doctor asked him some questions and did a few basic measurements. He was 52 years old, 5’10” tall and weighed 210 lbs. His girth at the waist was 42 inches. An MRI of his neck revealed artherosclerotic plaque buildup in his carotid arteries. He told the doctor that he smoked about 3 packs of cigarettes per week, did not drink alcohol and had a relatively sedentary lifestyle. They took a blood sample and did a variety of tests.

The results follow: Low density lipoprotein was 210mg/dl

Triglycerides were 195mg/dl

High density lipoprotein was 28mg/dl

Creatine kinase was elevated The doctor set him home the next day with a prescription for a statin drug and instructions to get regular, moderate exercise and carefully monitor his diet. He was told to try to get his BMI down to 25 and his girth to 36”.

2. What is Francois’ BMI? What does the combination of BMI and waist girth tell you about his risk factors for cardiovascular disease?

3. What do the LDL, triglyceride and HDL measurements tell you about his risk factors? What other risk factors does he have?

4. What does the elevated CPK mean? How did this enzyme get into his plasma?

5. What are statins and how do they work?

Hypertension

1. Define and describe the pathology fully.

Hypertension

1. What is the treatment?

2. What is the prognosis?

Describe the general cellular components, structures, fibers, and matrix (where applicable) of each type of connective tissue.

1. One of the variables on the computer output from the exercise test is RQ, which stands for respiratory quotient, or RER, which stands for respiratory exchange ratio.
   How is RQ or RER determined? What is the difference between these two terms? How would you expect RER to change during a long-duration bike ride?

QUESTION ONE: A patient experiencing shortness of breath due to reduced oxygen carrying capacity of the blood would benefit most from:

(A)Whole blood donation (B) Red Blood Cell donation (C)Sterile intravenous fluid administration (D)Plasma donation

QUESTION TWO: Erythrocytes:

(A) Quickly repair damage to themselves or to vessel walls (B) Produce EPO is response to low oxygen levels

(C) Are composed mainly of intracellular gas transport proteins (D)Require oxygen for cellular metabolism

QUESTION THREE:During the life (or death) of erythrocytes:

(A)RBC's live in the blood for 20-40 days (B)Developing RBC's contain nuclei and ribosomes (C) Hemocytoblasts in the kidneys give rise to most RBC's (D)Following hemolysis, bilirubin is recycled for new RBC's

QUESTION FOUR: Which of the following is most likely in individuals with kidney failure?

(A)Low hematocrit (B)Leukopenia (low leukocyte count) (C) Thrombocytopenia (low platelet count) (D) Low amount of clotting factors

QUESTION FIVE:

Donated plasma is often separated into its many useful components. What plasma component would be useful in immunodeficient individuals without antibodies?

(A)Globulins (B)Albumins (C) Formed Elements (D)Hemoglobin

After identifying the conducting and respiratory zones, discuss the differences between internal and external respiration in terms of location, and forces that trigger them.

how do I write my case study for assignment work ? should I wrote in paraphrase format or answered to every question sequentially.plz, give me an answer with example..thanks in advance.

Compare the shuttle systems for transporting fatty acids into the mitochondria and acetyl-CoA into the cytosol.

Describe the differences between peroxisomal and mitochondrial β oxidation.

Describe the various ways by which cholesterol synthesis is regulated.

Please Answer all parts thank you!

1) Explain how the following structural features are linked to the primary digestive function of each region of the small intestine:

a. duodenal gland in the duodenum

b. prominent intestinal villi in the jejunum

c. aggregated lymphoid nodules in the ileum

2) The intestinal villi and brush border(microvilli),common in the small intestine, are absent in the large intestine. What does this absence tell you about the digestive function of the large intestine.

1) What happened to hydrostatic pressure in the pulmonary capillaries when left ventricular failed to pump blood?
2) What happened to osmotic pressure in the pulmonary capillaries when left ventricular failed to pump blood?
3) when the left ventricle failed to pump blood, how does this ventricular failure affect the amount of fluid outside the blood vessel in pulmonary capillaries?