Compare the shuttle systems for transporting fatty acids into the mitochondria and acetyl-CoA into the cytosol.

Describe the differences between peroxisomal and mitochondrial β oxidation.

Describe the various ways by which cholesterol synthesis is regulated.

Please Answer all parts thank you!

1) Explain how the following structural features are linked to the primary digestive function of each region of the small intestine:

a. duodenal gland in the duodenum

b. prominent intestinal villi in the jejunum

c. aggregated lymphoid nodules in the ileum

2) The intestinal villi and brush border(microvilli),common in the small intestine, are absent in the large intestine. What does this absence tell you about the digestive function of the large intestine.

1) What happened to hydrostatic pressure in the pulmonary capillaries when left ventricular failed to pump blood?
2) What happened to osmotic pressure in the pulmonary capillaries when left ventricular failed to pump blood?
3) when the left ventricle failed to pump blood, how does this ventricular failure affect the amount of fluid outside the blood vessel in pulmonary capillaries?

Osmosis and Tonicity experiment:

Red blood cells prefer an isotonic (isosmotic) environment. What happens to red blood cells place into a hypertonic (hyperosmotic) environment? Why is that bad for a patient?

What happens to red blood cells placed into a hypotonic (hypoosmotic) environment? Why is that bad for a patient?

Select all that apply:

The interstitial substance of bone matrix:

A. includes an organic portion that makes up approximately one third of the matrix.

B. contains an organic protein portion that is produced and secreted by osteoblasts.

C. contains an inorganic portion of calcium phosphate crystals, known as hydroxyapatite.

D. requires the deposition of the organic matrix, the osteoid before the inorganic salts can be deposited.

E. may incorporate cations that are chemically similar to calcium, including heavy metal ions.

Write out and describe the dynamic equilibrium that occurs between carbon dioxide and bicarbonate in your blood.

Which of the following is true concerning the development of the nervous system after birth?

a) the hypothalamus is the last CNS structure to mature

b) anencephaly is normally easily corrected.

c) most people, after age 65 are actually exhibiting signs of true senility.

d) all of these are false.

Describe how the blood flows through the heart (similar to a circuit), include each step using the medical terms . Describe how and why blood needs to be sent to the lungs and why it is then sent back to the heart.

Draw diagrams of the human brain from different aspects, labeling the location, function and Brodmann’s areas of all the listed cerebral cortex regions.

a 64-year-old man living in Flagstaff, AZ. He with his dog to play in the back yard. Upon a missed catch by the dog, he ventured towards a stream where the toy landed.  Unfortunately, he took a spill and got a minor cut on his right forearm. He cleaned his wound and covered it with a bandage. A few hours later he noticed that the area around the wound had started to swell. He decided to make a visit to his physician to have it checked out. Initially, he received a triple antibiotic ointment to apply to the superficial skin wounds as well as general cleaning and bandaging of the wound. He was then sent home. The next day, he woke early and experienced continued swelling as well as pain with blistering, warmth to the touch in the area where his forearm was cut, and what appeared to be a spreading red rash. He also was experiencing a fever of 101.1 F immediately made another appointment with his physician to address the issue.

1. Which layers of tissue in the skin may be damaged from a cut or scrape on the surface of the body? Describe the specific layers that may be involved.
2. What are the functions of the skin as it pertains to the immune system? Explain.
3. What is a differential diagnosis?
4. Research his symptoms and determine a differential diagnosis by listing at least two different possible conditions that match some or all of his symptoms. Justify why you selected each of the conditions on your list.
5. Explain the distinction between signs and symptoms. What are his signs and symptoms?
6. If you were his physician what tests might you perform in order to find signs related to his condition to help you determine a diagnosis? List and describe two specific clinical tests that might provide helpful information.

Case: Rollie Hendrix is a 35-year-old husband and father of three children. Over the past six months he has experienced headaches and palpitations of increasing frequency and severity. In addition, he has periods of intense anxiety and panic attacks. His wife Arlene has noticed that Rollie’s face is often pale and that he sweats more. Upon examination by his physician, Rollie was found to be severely hypertensive and in atrial fibrillation. Rollie’s physician suspected that he might have a Pheochromocytoma and ordered a battery of tests, which confirmed his diagnosis.

What is a Pheochromocytoma? Explain the cardiovascular effects of epinephrine and norepinephrine when they bind to adrenergic receptor types. Why are patients with a pheochromocytoma often hyperglycemic, sweat excessively, and be constipated? How should Rollie be treated (Do not put the obvious answer to remove tumor)?

Is there gender differences in the neuronal representation of language?