Question

2. Using what you know of normal kidney (nephron) function:

a. Which function of the nephron would be compromised in someone with glomerulonephritis - filtration, reabsorption or secretion?

b. Below are some complications of glomerulonephritis. BRIEFLY (using bullets) define each complication and BRIEFLY(within the bullet) explain why glomerulonephritis would cause the following abnormalities/complications:

- Hematuria * Proteinuria
- Oliguria
- Azotemia

Answer 1

Ans ;

A ) Filtration - Glomerulonephritis (GN) is inflammation of the glomeruli, which are structures in your kidneys that are made up of tiny blood vessels. These knots of vessels help filter your blood and remove excess fluids. If your glomeruli are damaged, your kidneys will stop working properly, and you can go into kidney failure.

B) Hematuria -  The presence of red blood cells (RBCs) with irregular contours and shape in the urine indicates RBCs egression from the glomerular capillary into the urinary space due to inflammation of the vessels Therefore glomerular haematuria may be a marker of glomerular filtration barrier dysfunction or damage

Proteinuria - proteins in the urine  damage to the glomeruli can also cause protein to leak into the urine.Foamy urine due to excess protein in urine

Oliguria - due to low filtration rate low urine is produced and  Low urine output, or no urine output, occurs in the setting of kidney failure as well as in urinary obstruction. As the kidneys fail or become compromised in their ability to function, the kidneys lose the ability to regulate fluids and electrolytes and to remove waste products from the body

Azotemia - Primary renal azotemia. Renal azotemia (acute kidney failure) typically leads to uremia. It is an intrinsic disease of the kidney, generally the result of kidney parenchymal damage. Causes include kidney failure, glomerulonephritis, acute tubular necrosis, or other kidney disease.