Lactogens are an important modulator of maternal behaviour. Describe the secretion of lactogens at time relevant...

Lactogens are an important modulator of maternal behaviour. Describe the secretion of lactogens at time relevant to maternal behaviour and how these act on the neural circuitry underlying maternal behaviour.

Expert Solution

Human placental lactogen is a hormone produced by the placenta,

hormone breaks down fats from the mother to provide fuel for the the growing baby.
It can lead to insulin resistance and carbohydrate intolerance in the mother.
After day 10 of gestation the secretion of placental lactogens suppresses prolactin secretion via activation of dopamine neurons without involvement of β-endorphin neurons
. Intracerebroventricular implantation of placental lactogen-secreting cells will block pregnancy prolactin surges, increase
Fos expression in dopamine neurons, and increase tyrosine hydroxylase activity.
During lactation the mechanisms regulating dopamine and β-endorphin neurons are further modified.
In early lactation a prolactin-induced increase in tyrosine hydroxylase activity leads to negative feedback, but this effect is lost by mid-lactation.
Overriding this negative feedback is the inhibitory effect that suckling has on dopaminergic activity.
This may involve β-endorphin-mediated inhibition of dopamine neurons, as naloxone causes a marked increase in tyrosine hydroxylase activity and suppression of circulating prolactin.
removal of tonic dopamine inhibition is not sufficient to account for the high levels of prolactin attained during lactation, and additional releasing factors are probably involved.
prolactin secretion during pregnancy and lactation involve complex interactions of regulatory factors and plasticity of neuronal responsiveness.

FUNCTION OF LACTOGEN

Placental lactogen mimics the actions of prolactin.
● Lowered maternal insulin sensitivity which leads to an increase in maternal blood glucose levels
● Lowered maternal glucose utilization which helps to ensure adequate fetal nutrition
● Increased lipolysis with the release of free fatty acids
Help to support fetal nutrition,

Sydney Mullin answered 1 year ago

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