Question

47) Receptors seeing stimuli is ___________, which means nothing until the brain accomplishes ___________.

A) perception; sensation                 B) sensation; motivation            

C) motivation; perception                 D) sensation; perception

48) Taste and olfactory senses depend on _______________ for sensation to occur.

A) odorants               B) acids               C) chemicals in solution            D) chemicals

50) This taste category does not rely on GPCRs for sensation to occur.

A) umami               B) sweet               C) sour               D) bitter

51) The pancreas secretes ___________ and _____________, which perform opposite functions in our bodies.

A) glycogen; insulin            B) glucagon; insulin            C) glucose; insulin            D) glycerin; insulation

52) The T8 spinal nerve pair exits the vertebral column _______________ while the C5 spinal nerve pair exits the vertebral column ________________.

A) below vertebra T8; above vertebra C5               B) above vertebra T8; above vertebra C5

C) below vertebra T8; below vertebra C5               D) above vertebra T8; below vertebra C5

53) Some large arteries proximal to the heart are sensitive to stretch of blood vessels. This stretch indicates blood pressure. Which of the below options best fits the receptor type that is being described above?

A) mechanoreceptors that are also interoceptors     B) thermoreceptors that are also interoceptors

C) mechanoreceptors that are also exteroceptors     D) thermoreceptors that are also exteroceptors

57) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) ________.

A) increases urine production               B) promotes dehydration

C) is produced by the anterior pituitary               D) secretion is inhibited by alcohol

71) Which of the following appears to exert the most direct influence over autonomic functions?

A) hypothalamus               B) midbrain               C) reticular formation               D) medulla oblongata

75) Which of the following is mismatched?

A) gallbladder contracts to expel bile; parasympathetic               B) bronchiole dilation in lungs; sympathetic

C) peni ejaculation; sympathetic               D) promotes urination; sympathetic

Answer 1

47) Sensation,perception.

The sensation is obtained by the sensory receptors seeing stimuli and then processing of these sensation occurs by brain which is involved in selection, organization and interpretation. Motivation is associated with the influence or impact on the system.

48)Chemical in solution.

The taste and olfactory senses depends on the chemical receptors ,dissolved in the saliva.The olfactory information traveling from back of mouth is named as retronasal olfaction and through nostril ,named as orthonasal olfaction.

50)sour.

Sweet,bitter and umami is detected by the G-coupled taste receptors.T1R and T2R are the taste receptors mediated through the GPCR. The sour and salty tastes are detected via the ion channel activation.

51)Glucagon ,insulin.

The beta cells of pancreas secretes the insulin when high level of blood glucose is detected in order to lowers the glucose level in bloodstream.Whereas the alpha cells of pancreas secretes the glucagon when low level of blood glucose is sensed and helps in increasing the blood glucose.Thus, insulin and glucagon hormones are  secreted by pancreas having opposite function in regulation of blood glucose.