1) Compare the toxic effects for “arrowhead poison” versus “nerve gases”.

2) Compare the effects of “botulium” and “atropine” on skeletal muscles.

Answer each of the following:

a) Briefly describe the major systems involved in the regulation of blood volume and pressure.

b) Describe how countercurrent exchange in the loops of Henle work.

c) Describe the purpose and mechanism of action for vasopressin.

Thank you

write a summary discussing the Endocrine or the Nervous System. This summary should be specific in not just describing the Endocrine or Nervous System, but you should provide specific details describing why these functions are important to the body. Also, provide examples one of these disorders.

BENIGN PAROXYSMAL POSITIONAL VERTIGO (BPPV)                                                 

A patient has mild metabolic acidosis from a not-too-severe diabetic decompensation leading to keto-acidosis. The patient's pH is 7.49 with a bicarbonate = 16mM. What is the most likely explanation for these data?

a) this is compatible with a single acid-base

b)diabetic ketoacidosis, with appropriate respiratory compensation

c) solely from this data, you can determine that there is a simultaneous metabolic alkalosis

d) these numbers can be explained by a simultaneous respiratory alkalosis

e) the patient's respirations are probably about 7 per minute and shallow, with the smell of acetone

Identify the normal extracellular fluid (plasma) osmolarity and concentrations of prevalent ions and contrast these values with those for intracellular fluid, paragraph form please.

Question 1: Discuss the roles of oxygen and pH in dental caries, periodontitis and gingivitis.

Question 2: Should prophylactic antibiotic be given before deep cleaning of teeth? Discuss the pros and cons.

a. In the lub-dub sound of a heartbeat, the lub is louder. Why is this?

b. The descending aorta has three paired arteries and three unpaired arteries that flows away from with oxygenated blood to supply organs in the abdominal/thigh area. The inferior vena cava has three paired veins BUT NOT three unpaired veins flowing into it with deoxygenated blood. Where do the unpaired veins take blood to from the abdominal region and why?

. You are doing an internship in strength and conditioning and working with athletes on acceleration development from a 3-point stance. You read about a stick drill/acceleration ladder online that might be good to use with your athletes. According to the website, five-seven sticks (tape, cone, etc.) are placed in a ladder formation with the initial mark at a distance of 3 feet from the start line and the remaining “rungs” positioned with a progressive lengthening of 6 inches. The goal of the athlete is for foot placement to correspond with each rung as he or she is accelerating.

Will you adopt this drill? Fully explain why or why not.

With respect to functional anatomy, which of the following statements is false?

a) the volume of the conducting airways is about 150 ml

b) the volume of the lungs at the end of tidal expiration is about 2500 mls

c) the terminal bronchioles have alveoli in their walls

d) in the respiratory bronchioles, air moves in a laminar fashion

e) type I alveolar cells comprise most the alveolar epithelial membrane

The air we breathe is pretty dirty. It is loaded with dust, debris, viruses, and bacteria. Our respiratory system has many structures that filter/clean the air we inhale. Describe how some inhaled air is filtered/cleaned by the respiratory structures the air encounters.

Explain the structure and function of the respiratory membrane.

Describe the complete cardiac cycle and include which valves are closed at which time. What makes the heart sounds?

There are numerous examples of cell and tissue modifications that amplify the surface area of specific structures. For each of the following structures identify the modification and briefly describe how it increases surface area with respect to the structure listed. What is the functional significance of the specialization? Confine your answers to the boxes.

                                                                 The modification How does it increase functional                                

                                                                                                                                        surface area