Question

BENIGN PAROXYSMAL POSITIONAL VERTIGO (BPPV)                                                 

Pathology
Etiology
Speed of onset
Signs and symptoms
Consciousness
Communication and memory
Sensory
Autonomic
Motor
Region affected
Demographics
Prognosis

Answer 1

BENIGN PAROXYSMAL POSITIONAL VERTIGO  

BPPV is most common cause of vertigo . Triggers by change in head position

Pathology :- we have 3 semicircular canal in inner ear .

And calcium carbonate otilith crystal in macula.

Due to trauma , any disease this otilith get dislodged from position come to semicircular canal most common in posterior semicircular canal .

When patient changes the head position the otilith in posterior canal get moves irritate semicircular canal leads to vertigo

Speed of onset :- it sudden come on change position and goes last for one minute

Sign and symptoms:-

Head movement leads to dizziness vertigo ...

Changing the position of head relieve the vertigo .pt unable to drive .

Unsteadiness ,loss of balance

Nausea ,vomiting.

Feeling of fall down

Nystagmus - to and fro movement of eyeball

Councious -Loss of consciousness

Motor - Leg or arm weakness

Autonomic -Numbness tingling sensation

Region affected :- Semicircular canal middle ear macula

Diagnose- by DiX hallpike maneuver.

1.Pt ask first sit on table

2.Slightly change his head to one side

3.examiner hold pt head and change its position to lie down .... and again change to sit .

4. Again slightly change his head position to opposite side (opposite to side of previous one )

5. Examiner hold head and change pt position from sit to lie .... and again change to sit .

If this position change leads to dizziness /vertigo that leads to confirm diagnosis of BPPV by dix hallpike maneuver.

Treatment:-

1. Repositioning maneuver to reposition the otilith into utricle .(which is present in semicircular canal during vertigo)

2. Epleys maneuver done to fix BPPV.