Question

As humans, we keep track of large amounts of information more efficiently by putting it into categories. One example of this is to organize the organs of the human body into organ systems – you have 11 listed in chapter 5 of your textbook. Organizing the body in this way is useful but can cause us to view each organ system individually when, in fact, organ systems work together in many ways. Make a convincing argument for viewing the organ systems as interconnected – do this by

a) - describing how 2 different processes each involve multiple (3 or more) organ systems [choices for processes are: a) getting O2 to cells and removing CO2 from cells, b) getting high energy molecules (glucose) to cells for energy, c) dealing with a stressful situation – fight or flight response or d) keeping the body safe from invading bacteria and viruses] – choose any 2 to discuss

[So, your answer to part a will take this form: Organ system A is involved in this process (state process) because it does XXXXX (be specific and tie it directly to the process). Organ System B is involved in this same process by doing XXXXXX and Organ System C is involved in this same process by doing XXXXX. For process Y (different process), Organ system A does XXXX, Organ system Y does xxxx, and organ system Z does xxxx). - Provide detail and tie each organ system clearly to its role in the process!]

Answer 1

Different system of our body work in a coordinated manner. This is to maintain homeostasis. This coordination is posible via various channels like blood,hormones,nerve sensations etc. As given in the question we will take 2 examples.

1. Oxygen delivery to tissue and carbon dioxide out of body- A. Respiratory system- conducting part ( conducts air from atmosphere to lungs) and exchange part(exchange of oxygen and CO2 inbetween alveoli and capillaries)this occurs via diffusion.-B.cardiovascular system,has carrying property_heart contracts and thus delivers blood into vascular system and blood_carries oxygen in RBCs(oxyhemoglobin and dissolved in plasma)and also carbon dioxide(dissolved in plasma or in form of carbaminohemoglobin and bicarbonate forms).Oxygen is carried to the required tissue and carbon dioxide is carried from the tissues_this also occours by diffusion along the concentration gradient.-C.another system which utilizes oxygen(it is sll the tissues of our body but for convience of giving example we can take musculoskeletal system).thus oxygen is delivered to muscle cells,where metabolism and cellular respiration occours,it derives energy for its survival and better function,CO2 produced ib the process is diffused out of cell into blood and this is carried to lungs via blood and then excreated out of body during expiration.

2.next example we can take delivering glucose tocells for energy_X-digestive system-consists of whole gastrointestinal tract and also liver,pancrease,gallbladder.This helps in digestion of complex sacarrides into simple carbohydrate like high energy glucose molecules and makes available for absorption._Y.Cardiovascular system-glucose is absorbed into intestinal capillaries and passes through hepatic portal system-extra nutrients can be stored in liver via undergoing different metabolic processes and used as and when required,from there goes into heart via inferior venacava and delivered to body tissues via arteries._Z-It is the tissues which utilize glucose(let say any cell of our body)Here the metablism occours and glucose undergoes various processes like glycolysis,creb cycle,etc to derive energy in the form of ATP. Lets say if it is a muscle cell ATP can further be used fir muscle contraction and relaxation.