1. If muscle-derived amino acids are used for gluconeogenesis, why does the rate of glucose output by the liver slow during prolonged starvation?

What do the two numbers in a blood pressure reading represent?

-The stronger diastolic pressure of blood returning in the veins is the larger number, whereas the weaker systolic pressure of blood in arteries is the smaller number.

-The larger number is the systolic pressure of blood moving in the arteries, whereas the smaller number is the diastolic pressure of blood returning in the veins.

-The systolic pressure during a heartbeat is the larger number, whereas the diastolic pressure while the heart rests between beats is the smaller number.

-The larger number is the diastolic pressure during a heartbeat, whereas the smaller number is the systolic pressure as the heart rests between beats.

Describe the net flow of ionic current during the phases of the action potential. During what phase of the action potential does positive feedback occur.

A person has a PO2 of 80 mm Hg in their arterial blood. Give three very different reasons that could explain how this occurred.

emma Norton, 26 is admitted to hospital with acute exacerbation of her COPD

Part A

Emma undergoes a pulmonary lung function test. How would her total lung capacity test and her fev1/fvc values compare to normal physiological values

Part B

In hospital Emma is place on oxygen but develops respiratory depression. Explain why Emma stops breathing when she is administered oxygen?

The mechanism of action for sex hormones, estrogen and testosterone are similar, albeit in opposite sexes. What is the mechanism of action for each hormone. What are the common structures, pathways, and feedback loops in these pathways. Said another way: these mechanisms of action are not all that different, so that you can minimize what you are learning as new, what is the common pathway (structures and function) and then note the unique differences (structures and or function).

In sensory testing, we need to be aware of the issues concerning different populations. For each example below, describe why would be concerned about including the specific population.

a. Why exclude panelists with chronic dry mouth in the evaluation of lemonade?

b. Why exclude someone with a cold in the evaluation of an aromatic white wine?

c. Why exclude someone with dentition problems in the evaluation of potato chips?

d. Why exclude PROP non-tasters in the evaluation of sharp cheddar cheese?

1. Muscle can attach to bone either via tendon or attach in a___________manner.

2. Which class of lever will always represent the following: a muscle must exert more force than the force of resistance

   (weight lifted).

Emma Norton, aged 26, is admitted to hospital with an acute exacerbation of her COPD. Using your knowledge of the respiratory system (M2) and the cardiovascular system (M3), please answer the following questions below. Be sure to clearly label the different parts:

PART A / Emma undergoes a pulmonary lung function test. How would her total lung capacity test and her FEV1/FVC values compare to normal physiological values?

PART B / In hospital, Emma is placed on oxygen but develops respiratory depression. Explain why Emma stops breathing when she is administered oxygen.

PART C / Emma's COPD has caused pulmonary hypertension and subsequent failure of the right ventricle. What are the roles of venous pressure and capillary hydrostatic pressure in causing edema?

PART D /  Emma's right ventricular failure has caused a decrease in cardiac output. Explain which hormonal system will be activated and how it compensate for this.

discuss the physiological adaptations you would expect to find in foetal hemodynamics and in blood distribution to the various organs of the foetus in response to the fetal Acidosis condition

All of the complement pathways share certain components. What are these shared components?

Given each scenario, identify the type membrane transport used: (exocytosis, phagocytosis, endocytosis, transcytosis) (suggestion: create a rubric with your summary of each of these definitions, list an example of each that highlights the differences between and perhaps draw a picture. One thing expert physiologists due that they learned over time is to draw out physiology when they are given a question)

a. Epithelial cells can move compounds from one side of the epithelium to the other by this form of membrane transport b. A protein hormone is released from cells in the brain using this form of membrane transport

c. An endolysosome is formed during this membrane transport

d. Bacteria cleared from our bodies by this form of transport

Please answer the multiple choice -- please explain too!

1. As ventricular pressure increases during systole, the volume of blood in the ventricle....

a. increases

b. decreases

2. Which of these is FALSE about the ejection of blood from the left ventricle?

a. the pulmonary semilunar valve is open

b. the bicuspid valve is closed

c. the aortic semilunar valve is closed

d. the tricuspid valve is closed

3. During action potentials in the heart,

a. voltage-gated K+ channels slowly repolarize; voltage-gated Na+ channels slowly depolarize; voltage-gated calcium channels quickly depolarize; voltage gated K+ channels slowly repolarize

b. voltage-gated K+ channels quickly repolarize; voltage-gated Na+ channels quickly depolarize; voltage-gated calcium channels quickly depolarize; voltage gated K+ channels quickly repolarize

c. voltage-gated K+ channels quickly repolarize; voltage-gated Na+ channels slowly depolarize; voltage-gated calcium channels slowly depolarize; voltage gated K+ channels quickly repolarize

d. voltage-gated K+ channels quickly repolarize; voltage-gated Na+ channels quickly depolarize; voltage-gated calcium channels slowly depolarize; voltage gated K+ channels quickly repolarize

COMPARE FLUORESCENT MICROSCOPY WITH DARK FIELD MICROSCOPY . WHAT SIMILAR ADVANTAGE DO THEY PROVIDE? AND HOW DO THEY DIFFER?