Question

Yes sir, no sir, I totally agree with you.

What is Groupthink? Give an example of groupthink. Why is it important to avoid groupthink in a bureaucracy or a democracy? How can assigning a “Devil’s Advocate” or having a more diverse group help? Name some other strategies to prevent groupthink from happening.

Answer 1

Groupthink is a psychological phenomenon that occurs when people in a group accepts or take a decision without proper evaluations and discussions. It will happen in different ways. Sometimes people do this for the harmony of the group. Sometimes it happened for eliminating conflicts. It is the term first derived by Irving Janis in 1972. Groupthink is not always making problems. But it can also make worse situations and decisions.

The US Bay of pig invasion in 1961 is an example of groupthink. This is the primary case took by Jannis to formulate his theory. It was an attempt to overthrow the Fidel Castro from Cuban rule. It is supported and funded by the Kennedy government without proper discussions and consultation with intelligence agencies. The operation was a failure and most of the attackers were killed.

It is crucial to avoid groupthink in democracy and bureaucracy. Because the decisions are taken by bureaucracy and government will affect the lives of many people. So it is important to discuss and analyze criticisms before taking any decisions. Also, make an open environment and authority are relevant to get healthy criticisms and real opinions. That will enhance the efficiency of decisions. It is very possible to happen groupthink in bureaucracy and democracy. Because most of the time people are fearful of expressing their opinions or else try to avoid conflict. This will lead to groupthink.

“Devil’s Advocate refers to someone who will argue or make opinions against collective decisions or ideas of a group of people. Assigning a devil's advocate is helps to make better decisions. Because they will critically analyze group discussions and different views of decisions or ideas made by the group. They can contribute a good role in group decision making through their critics. The same effect can be done by a diverse group to eliminate groupthink.

Some strategies to avoid groupthink are listed below.

• Encourage healthy criticisms
• Foster discussions and debates
• Develop a mindset that opens to disagreements.
• Feel free to make opinions and productive ideas are always welcoming.
• Don't be only part of group noises
• Evaluate end examine every side of an opinion or decision.
• Avoid authoritative attitudes.
• Create an open environment for criticism and disagreements.