Question

Discuss the two parenting dimensions of warmth-coldness and restrictiveness-permissiveness, and relate these dimensions to parenting styles and child outcomes.

Explain inductive, power-assertive, and withdrawal discipline techniques as well as how these techniques influence children.

Explain Baumrind’s parenting styles (authoritative, authoritarian, permissive-indulgent, and rejecting-neglecting).  Give an example of each.

Explain how siblings influence each other.

Discuss child behaviors that are associated with the birth of a younger sibling.

Describe how birth order may impact child outcomes.

Describe the importance of peer interactions on social, physical, and cognitive development.

What are the benefits of child’s play?

Describe the kinds of play identified by Piaget (functional play, symbolic play, constructive play, and formal games). Give an example of each.

Describe and give an example of the six kinds of play identified by Parten: (a) unoccupied play, (b) solitary play, (c) onlooker play, (d) parallel play, (e) associative play, and (f) cooperative play.  

Explain the difference between nonsocial play to social play.

Discuss the development of prosocial behavior (altruism).

How does empathy develops during early childhood?

Explain the development of prosocial behavior due to rewards and punishments.

Describe the developmental patterns of aggression.

Compare the different theoretical approaches to aggression in children (genetics, cognitive, social cognitive, and physical punishment).

Describe the development of a sense of self or self-concept.

Describe the difference between children with high self-esteem and children without high self-esteem.

Discuss Erikson’s initiative versus guilt stage and how it relates to early childhood psychosocial development.  Give an example of a positive resolution and a negative resolution.

Discuss changes in the fears of children during the preschool years.

Describe the development of gender role for males and females within this culture.

Discuss the observance of gender differences as children mature.

Summarize brain organization and its contribution to gender differences.

Explain the sex hormones’ role in development of gender differences.

Describe the social cognitive theory as it relates to gender typing and children’s decision on appropriate behaviors.

Describe the implications of cognitive-developmental theory on gender differences during early childhood.

Summarize Kohlberg’s gender typing theory: (a) gender identity, (b) gender stability, and (c) gender constancy.

Summarize gender-schema theory.

Answer 1

Discuss the two parenting dimensions of warmth-coldness and restrictiveness-permissiveness, and relate these dimensions to parenting styles and child outcomes.

- warmth as well as coldness

- restrictive permissiveness parenting

Parenting styles may either be authoritative parenting.

Warm parent ewould be affectionate towards their kids, along with being supportive as well as caring, with communication with children.

1) Authoritative parents have a child rearing style where the parents would be restrictive in their working style, with the parents being demanding along with being warm as well as communicative. Parents showing high control as well as high warmth produce the best form of outcomes.

2) authoritarian parents have a child rearing style which ooh,d be including submission as well as demand, along with obedience observed from the children. These people have high restrictiveness along with greater warmth. Thesepeople are higher in coercion and are often cold. This results in children who are hostile, less socially competent as well as defiant.

3) permissive parents: these parents are not controlling or restrictive but these parents are warm. They are less demanding and high in responsiveness.

4) rejecting neglecting parents: these parents are not supportive, nor restrictive, nor controlling. This sort of parenting in low in both demands, responsiveness as well as warmth. This sort of parenting is associated with low responsiveness.