Question

TYPES I & II DIABETES COMPARISON

Compare and contrast risk factors, age of onset, pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes. What do you think is the most important topic that must be taught to the diabetic patient and why?

Direction: Read some scholarly articles and summarize the comparison about 6-7 sentences.

Answer 1

Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Comparison:

Type 1 diabetes occurs due to destruction of pancreatic beta cells. The factors for beta cell destruction include genetic, immunological, and environmental factors. It can't be preventable. Type 2 Diabetes are mainly due to insulin resistance or lack of insulin secretion. It develops mostly due to sedentary life style.

Risk Factors:

Type 1 diabetes is mainly at risk of people with family history of parents or sibiling with the disease. Genetical factors such as autoimmune conditions are at high risk of Type 1 diabetes. The risk of developing type 2 diabetes are high in obese, hereditary, physically inactive, and gestional diabetes during pregnancy. African-American, Hispanic, Alaska Native are at high risk of developing Type 2 diabetes.

Age of Onset:

Type 1 diabetes: At any age, especially below 30 years.

Type 2 diabetes: Onset of diabetes at any age, but mostly above 30 years of age.

Pathophysiology:

Type 1 diabetes:

It is insulin dependent diabetes. The body attacks of its own pancreas due to autoimmune response. The immune system destroys the beta cells of pancreas which produces the insulin. The destroyed beta cells are unable to produce insulin. The environmental factors such as viruses may also cause this.

Type 2 diabetes:

It is Non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Due to insulin resistance the body does not respond to the insulin. To prevent buildup of glucose level in the blood, the demand for insulin is increased. The beta cell cannot produced more amount of insulin to meet the demand, thereby type 2 diabetes develops.

Clinical Manifestations:

All the diabetes develops three Ps.

• Polyuria
• Polyphagia
• Polydipsia

Type 1 diabetes:

• Weight loss
• fatigue and weakness
• Nausea
• vomiting
• Irritability

Type 2 diabetes:

• Weight loss
• Nausea
• vomiting
• Irritability
• Blurred vision
• Dry itchy skin
• Sores.

The most important topic that must be taught to diabetic patient is the 'Exercise'.

The reasons include

• It lowers the blood glucose level and reduces the risk of cardiovascular diseases.
• It improves the blood circulation and metabolic rate.
• It maintains the body weight and well-being.
• It decreases the total cholestrol and triglyceride level.
• Routine exercises prevent the complications of diabetes.