5.   Describe the idea of organizations as political agents and political arenas.

Book - Organizations as Political Arenas and Political Agents Ch11

Here is Ch11 -

please help me to find the answer

Sam Walton started his merchant career in 1945 as proprietor of the second-best variety store in a small rural Arkansas town. From that humble beginning, he built the world’s largest retail chain. With more than 2 million “associates,” Walmart became the world’s largest employer and, for both better and worse, one of the most powerful companies on the globe. More than 90 percent of American households shop at Walmart stores every year, expecting the company to keep its promise of “always low prices” (Fishman, 2006). Walmart’s subtle and pervasive impact is illustrated in a little-known story about deodorant packaging. Deodorant containers used to come packed in cardboard boxes until Walmart decided in the early 1990s that the boxes were wasteful and costly—about a nickel apiece for something consumers would just toss. When Walmart told suppliers to kill the cardboard, the boxes disappeared across the industry. Good for Walmart had to be good enough for everyone. The story is but one of countless examples of the “Walmart effect”—an 217 Reframing Organizations: Artistry, Choice, and Leadership, Sixth Edition. Lee G. Bolman and Terrence E. Deal. 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Published 2017 by Jossey-Bass. WEBC11 umbrella term for multiple ways Walmart influences consumers, vendors, employees, communities, and the environment (Fishman, 2006).

Yet, for all its power and success, Walmart has struggled in recent years to cope with an assortment of critics and image problems. The company has been accused of abusing workers, discriminating against women, busting unions, destroying small businesses, damaging the environment, and bribing government officials in Mexico and elsewhere. Circled by enemies, it has mounted major public relations campaigns in defense of its image.

Like all organizations, Walmart is both an arena for internal conflict and a political agent or player operating on a field crammed with other organizations pursuing their own interests. As arenas, organizations house an ongoing interplay of players and agendas. As agents, organizations are powerful tools for achieving the purposes of whoever calls the shots. Walmart’s enormous size and power have made its political maneuvers widely visible; almost everyone has feelings about Walmart, one way or another. The company’s historic penchant for secrecy and its secluded location in Bentonville, Arkansas, have sometimes shielded its internal politics from the spotlight, but tales of political skullduggery still emerge, including a titillating story about a superstar marketing executive who was fired amid rumors of an office romance and conflict with her conservative bosses. The same year also spawned the strange tale of a Walmart techie who claimed he’d been secretly recording the deliberations of the board of directors. Walmart has historically resisted any efforts to unionize its workers, but in the fall of 2012, the company had its first experience with strikes by workers in multiple cities. Ambivalent shoppers told reporters that they sympathized with the workers but still shopped at Walmart because they could not afford to pass up the low prices.

This chapter explores organizations as both arenas and political agents. Viewing organizations as political arenas is a way to reframe many organizational processes. Organization design, for example, can be viewed not as a rational expression of an organization’s goals but as a political embodiment of contending claims. In our discussion of organizations as arenas, we examine the political dimensions of organizational change, contrasting directives from the top with pressures from below. As political agents, organizations operate in complex ecosystems—interdependent networks of organizations engaged in related activities and occupying particular niches. We illustrate several forms that ecosystems can take—business, public policy, business-government, and society. Finally, we look at the dark side of the power wielded by big organizations. We explore the concern that corporate giants represent a growing risk to the world because they are too powerful for anyone to control

ORGANIZATIONS AS ARENAS -

From a political view, “happily ever after” exists only in fairy tales. Today’s winners may quickly become tomorrow’s losers or vice versa. Change and stability are paradoxical: Organizations constantly change and yet never change. As in competitive sports, players come and go, but the game goes on. In the annals of organizational politics, few have illustrated these precepts as well as Ross Johnson, who once made the cover of Time magazine as an emblem of corporate greed and insensitivity. In Barbarians at the Gate, Bryan Burrough and John Helyar (1990) explain how.

31.          Strategy is

                1. a central complex secret               2. A staff responsibility       

                3. A tactical weapon

                4.a unifying definition of the business            5. Defined by financial goals

32.          Synergy often results in cost saving from

                1. Layoffs               2. The Value proposition   3. Corporate creativity        

                4. Ethical sensitivity                             5. Customer reduction

                                                              \                                                               

Mark Smith was the Widget division manager.     His was the largest of 5 divisions of International Widgets and Things. The other divisions made parts his division used or used his widgets to make more complex products. A major African supplier was the sole source of an essential raw material. This supplier was attacked by terrorists. Mark was not sure he could maintain his widget’s unique broad market quality appeal without the materials from Africa. The Marketing manager suggested that a new group of consumers could be reached by the internet who would buy widgets without the African materials if they could be made the cheapest in the industry. (Us this case to answer Questions 33-37)

33.          The internet in this case creates a

                1. buyer                 2. low Barrier to entry        3. Channel

                4. Related              5. Substitute

34.          The African supplier would be in the Porter model

                1. a buyer              2. A segment         3. Powerful

                4. Related              5.a substitute

35.          The marketing manager is suggesting switching from a _______ to a __________ strategy

                1.Focus to Differentiation.                 2. Differentiation to Cost   

                3. Related to Unrelated

                                4. Retreat to stability                           5.Star to $ cow

36.          In the Grand strategy model, International Widgets and Things is

                1. a matrix organization    2. Dominant            3. An Analyzer

                4. Unrelated         5. vertically integrated

37.          At the Corporate level, International Widgets and Things is organized

                1. simply                2. Functionally      3.Divisionally

                4. As a Matrix        5. As a.Combinatorally S Corp

Re-write the following resignation letter in a professional and etiquette manner

Hey boss:

Finally, is the hour that I has dreamed about 4 years ago where I inform you that I must resign immediately from my position as a counselor.

Three weeks ago, my supervisor informed me that you were criticizing my latest behavior and that you have accused me with violations of company policy by ignoring your orders. But it seems that you have forget that I am a human bean not your slave, and dictatorship atmosphere you eventually destroy you and you foolish employees.

I really regret for every hour I have spent at your company and I will not spend any minute in transferring my files to anyone else, I am sure that you will figure them out by yourselves if you can play chess effectively.

Finally, I will give you 8 days to transfer my savings to my bank account otherwise I will sue you and go to the media for stealing my savings

Bye-bye

three reasons for why "your favorite" restaurant should use iPads ? should be answered in three solid paragraphs

Option 1. How does an ERP system enforce best practices for an organization? Provide an example.

Option 2. Describe one example of a Business Process that can be embedded or automated within an ERP.

Briar Corp. is considering the purchase of a new piece of equipment. The cost savings from the equipment would result in an annual increase in cash flow of $208,000. The equipment will have an initial cost of $1,208,000 and have an 8 year life. The salvage value of the equipment is estimated to be $208,000. The hurdle rate is 6%. Ignore income taxes. (Future Value of $1, Present Value of $1, Future Value Annuity of $1, Present Value Annuity of $1.) (Use appropriate factor from the PV tables.)


a. What is the accounting rate of return? (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your final answer to 2 decimal places.)



b. What is the payback period? (Round your answer to the nearest whole number.)

c. What is the net present value? (Round your answer to nearest dollar amount.)



d. What would the net present value be with a 14% hurdle rate? (Negative value should be indicated by a minus sign. Round your answer to nearest dollar amount.)



e. Based on the NPV calculations, in what range would the equipment’s internal rate of return fall? (Round your answer to 2 decimal places.)

Stocks A and B have the following probability distributions of expected future returns:

1. Calculate the expected rate of return, r B, for Stock B (r A = 11.80%.) Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to two decimal places.

     %

2. Calculate the standard deviation of expected returns, σ_A, for Stock A (σ_B = 18.66%.) Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to two decimal places.

     %

   Now calculate the coefficient of variation for Stock B. Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to two decimal places.

   ________

   Is it possible that most investors might regard Stock B as being less risky than Stock A?

   1. If Stock B is more highly correlated with the market than A, then it might have a lower beta than Stock A, and hence be less risky in a portfolio sense.
   2. If Stock B is more highly correlated with the market than A, then it might have the same beta as Stock A, and hence be just as risky in a portfolio sense.
   3. If Stock B is less highly correlated with the market than A, then it might have a lower beta than Stock A, and hence be less risky in a portfolio sense.
   4. If Stock B is less highly correlated with the market than A, then it might have a higher beta than Stock A, and hence be more risky in a portfolio sense.
   5. If Stock B is more highly correlated with the market than A, then it might have a higher beta than Stock A, and hence be less risky in a portfolio sense.

   -Select-IIIIIIIVVItem 4

3. Assume the risk-free rate is 4.5%. What are the Sharpe ratios for Stocks A and B? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answers to four decimal places.

   Stock A:

   Stock B:

   Are these calculations consistent with the information obtained from the coefficient of variation calculations in Part b?

   1. In a stand-alone risk sense A is less risky than B. If Stock B is less highly correlated with the market than A, then it might have a lower beta than Stock A, and hence be less risky in a portfolio sense.
   2. In a stand-alone risk sense A is less risky than B. If Stock B is less highly correlated with the market than A, then it might have a higher beta than Stock A, and hence be more risky in a portfolio sense.
   3. In a stand-alone risk sense A is more risky than B. If Stock B is less highly correlated with the market than A, then it might have a lower beta than Stock A, and hence be less risky in a portfolio sense.
   4. In a stand-alone risk sense A is more risky than B. If Stock B is less highly correlated with the market than A, then it might have a higher beta than Stock A, and hence be more risky in a portfolio sense.
   5. In a stand-alone risk sense A is less risky than B. If Stock B is more highly correlated with the market than A, then it might have the same beta as Stock A, and hence be just as risky in a portfolio sense.

   -Select-IIIIIIIVV

why Act of parliament override common law in australia ?

Stock X has a 9.0% expected return, a beta coefficient of 0.7, and a 40% standard deviation of expected returns. Stock Y has a 13.0% expected return, a beta coefficient of 1.3, and a 20% standard deviation. The risk-free rate is 6%, and the market risk premium is 5%.

1. Calculate each stock's coefficient of variation. Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answers to two decimal places.

   CV_x =

   CV_y =

2. Which stock is riskier for a diversified investor?
   1. For diversified investors the relevant risk is measured by beta. Therefore, the stock with the lower beta is riskier. Stock X has the lower beta so it is riskier than Stock Y.
   2. For diversified investors the relevant risk is measured by standard deviation of expected returns. Therefore, the stock with the lower standard deviation of expected returns is riskier. Stock Y has the lower standard deviation so it is riskier than Stock X.
   3. For diversified investors the relevant risk is measured by beta. Therefore, the stock with the higher beta is less risky. Stock Y has the higher beta so it is less risky than Stock X.
   4. For diversified investors the relevant risk is measured by beta. Therefore, the stock with the higher beta is riskier. Stock Y has the higher beta so it is riskier than Stock X.
   5. For diversified investors the relevant risk is measured by standard deviation of expected returns. Therefore, the stock with the higher standard deviation of expected returns is riskier. Stock X has the higher standard deviation so it is riskier than Stock Y.

   Calculate each stock's required rate of return. Round your answers to one decimal place.

3. r_x =   %

   r_y =   %

4. On the basis of the two stocks' expected and required returns, which stock would be more attractive to a diversified investor?

   Stock X or Stock Y?

5. Calculate the required return of a portfolio that has $7,500 invested in Stock X and $2,500 invested in Stock Y. Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to two decimal places.

   r_p =   %

6. If the market risk premium increased to 6%, which of the two stocks would have the larger increase in its required return?

   Stock X or Stock Y?

When looking at any security team, one thing you might notice is that there is a tool for everything. And we do mean everything: ticketing, threat intelligence, security investigations, malware analysis, detection, incident response, advanced persistent threats, security monitoring the list goes on.

Every organization wants the best of the best to build their defenses. This can often leave their security teams and security operations centers with a tool stack of uncooperative solutions that don’t communicate with one another, with their full value remaining untapped, and they can interrupt or even cancel each other out. The team becomes paralyzed by the sheer number of alerts generated by these solutions, losing time that could be spent on contextualized investigation and response.

We often cite alert fatigue as a common challenge in SOCs, and with good reason. Nobody likes alerts, because whether it’s a fire alarm, car alarm, or alarm for any other kind of emergency, it signals to us that a real threat is present. But after hearing alerts time and time again, all we hear is the boy who cried wolf. We downplay these alerts because we’ve spent so much of our precious time combing through them, only to reveal themselves as fake. In SOC terms, this leads to real threats being missed, often to devastating consequences.

There is a solution. That solution is connecting the tools that security teams run, to communicate with each other and do away with the tedious, time-consuming tasks that have a high potential for human error. Streamlining the process with which tools are used helps to keep security professionals from losing any of their precious time.

1. What is security orchestration?
2. What can we use security orchestration for?
3. What are the benefits of security orchestration?
4. What are the key elements that are needed for SOAR to perform as desired?
5. What is Automated response and how does it work, can you give an example?

Human resource plan for cafe project  

11.          In the Porter model a substitute for the products of Ozarka water (which I define as in the bottled water industry) would be:

1. Perrier Water    2. Movies           3. Generic water    

4. Hot dogs    5. Diet Coke

12.          Modern societies have evolved ethics against murder to be able to:

                1. Have different ethical values       2. Exclude more People    

                3. Build large scale societies

                                4. Grow without morals                     5. Have 14 major principles

13.          Ethical decision making is:

                1. Always a clear choice          2. Not a problem for new employees

                3. Often a tough choice among shades of gray

                4. not done often in America                           5. a step in MBO

14.          The most appropriate structure for a large consulting firm with many varied types of client projects is:

1. simple               2. centralized       3. Decentralized

                4. matrix               5. Functional

15.          A long term effort to infuse an organization with a sense of purpose and values is

                1. strategy             2. control               3. Leadership        

`               4. Profitability       5. TQM

16.          Divisional organizational structure is usually

                1. centralized        2. Functional         3. Matrix

                4. Decentralized   5. Bad for control diversification

17.          A model that gives a growth   view of the business is the __________ model

                1. Porter                2. Generic             3. Grand Strategy

                4. Financial            5. Miles and Snow

18.          Raw Materials, transportation, and parts are elements of the

                1. Business Model    2. The Financial Ratios    3. GE strategic planning

                                4. Grand Strategies                              5. The supply chain

19.          The stability category is part of the

                1. Business Model               2. The Financial Ratios        3.Porter’s Model

                                4. Grand Strategies                              5. The supply chain

20.          You are most likely to see Synergy in a company using

1 Unrelated Growth            2. Simple structure              3. question marks             

                4. Horizontal Growth         5. A Quick Ratio above 1

Markets work well for some goods, but poorly for others. According to the textbook, for which of the following goods or services would markets be expected to work poorly?
A. clean air
B. clean water
C. clean amusement parks
D. Markets would work poorly for all three of the goods or services listed above.
E. Markets would work poorly for both clean air and clean water, but they would work well for clean amusement parks.

The Tragedy of the Commons will be evident when a growing number of sheep grazing on the town commons leads to a destruction of the grazing resource. As a result,
(x) externality could be eliminated if all of the sheep owners received a subsidy payment from government.
(y) the town could auction off a limited number of sheep-grazing permits to correct this problem.
(z) the town could assign land property rights to individual owners to correct this problem.
A. (x), (y) and (z)
B. (x) and (y) only
C. (x) and (z) only
D. (y) and (z) only
E. (y) only
15. Which of the following statements is (are) correct?
(x) If general knowledge is not excludable then it is quite likely that profit maximizing firms in private markets would choose to not supply general knowledge to society.
(y) As with many public goods, determining the appropriate level of government support for the production of general knowledge is difficult because benefits are hard to measure
(z) If technological knowledge is excludable and general knowledge is not excludable, then it is likely that technological knowledge is a “club good” (natural monopoly good) and general knowledge is a public good
A. (x), (y) and (z)
B. (x) and (y) only
C. (x) and (z) only
D. (y) and (z) only
E. (z) only

A contract to purchase a car contains the following clause. if you are not completely satisfied with the car ,return it in good condition within 7 days and we will give you your money back. is this clause a condition precedent or a condition subsequent ? explain your answer

GoodLife stock is currently selling for $25.00 a share but is expected to either decrease to $22.50 or increase to $27.50 a share over the next year. The risk-free rate is 3 percent. What is the current value of a 1-year call option with an exercise price of $25?