1. Compare and contrast hydrophobic effect with micellar catalysis in a reaction.

19) There are two competing proposals for the redevelopment of a piece of vacant land in Accra. One is to construct an office block on the site and the other is to construct a casino.

(a) Calculate the Net Present Value of each project using a discount rate of 6% and comment on your results

(b) Calculate the payback of period of each project and comment on your results

(c) Based on the internal rate of return criteria, explain the advice you would give to your client if the internal rate of returns for Office and Casino are 16% and 17.8% respectively

Chapter 13: Addictive Drugs .

The research on sensitization of the nucleus accumbens has dealt with addictive drugs, mainly cocaine. Would you expect a gambling addiction to have similar effects? How could someone test this possibility?

In business ethics. discuss about the influence of corporate culture. (750 words)

4- Describe the following research method Descriptive

Suppose the depreciation rate of capital decreased at time t* permanently. How would this affect real wage rate, real rental rate, real interest rate and price level in long run and very-long run in a closed market economy?

IN JAVA

Step 1 Develop the following interface: Interface Name: ImprovedStackInterface Access Modifier: public Methods Name: push Access modifier: public Parameters: item (data type T, parameterized type) Return type: void Throws: StackFullException Name: push Access modifier: public Parameters: item1 (data type T, parameterized type), item2 (data type T, parameterized type) Return type: void Throws: StackFullException Name: pop Access modifier: public Parameters: none Return type: void Throws: StackEmptyException Name: doublePop Access modifier: public Parameters: none Return type: void Throws: StackEmptyException Name: top Access modifier: public Parameters: none Return type: T (parameterized type) Throws: StackEmptyException Step 2 Develop the following class: Class Name: StackFullException Access Modifier: public Extends: Exception Constructors Name: StackFullException Access modifier: public Parameters: none (default constructor) Task: makes a call to the default constructor of its superclass Name: StackFullException Access modifier: public Parameters: message (datatype String) Task: makes a call to the constructor of its superclass by passing the parameter message to it Step 3 Develop the following class: Class Name: StackEmptyException Access Modifier: public Extends: Exception Constructors Name: StackEmptyException Access modifier: public Parameters: none (default constructor) Task: makes a call to the default constructor of its superclass Name: StackEmptyException Access modifier: public Parameters: message (datatype String) Task: makes a call to the constructor of its superclass by passing the parameter message to it Step 4 Develop the following class: Class Name: ImprovedArrayBasedStack Access Modifier: public Implements: ImprovedStackInterface Instance variables Name: top Access modifier: private Data type: int Name: stack Access modifier: private Data type: T[] (an array of parameterized type) Constructors Name: ImprovedArrayBasedStack Access modifier: public Parameters: none (default constructor) Task: sets the value of top to -1 sets the stack to refer to an array of Objects with 100 elements which are type cast to T[] Name: ImprovedArrayBasedStack Access modifier: public Parameters: size (data type int) Task: sets the value of top to -1 sets the stack to refer to an array of Objects with the number of elements equal to the size parameter which are type cast to T[] Methods Name: push Access modifier: public Parameters: item (data type T, parameterized type) Return type: void Throws: StackFullException Task: if the value of top is less than the length of the stack minus 1 then increase the value of top by 1 and place the item at the top of the stack, otherwise throw a StackFullException with the message "Not enough room for one item" Name: push Access modifier: public Parameters: item1 (data type T, parameterized type), item2 (data type T, parameterized type) Return type: void Throws: StackFullException Task: if the value of top is less than the length of the stack minus 2, then increase the value of top by 1 and place item1 at the top of the stack, then increase the value of top by 1 and place item2 at the top of the stack, otherwise throw a StackFullException with the message "Not enough room for two items" Name: pop Access modifier: public Parameters: none Return type: void Throws: StackEmptyException Task: if the value of top is greater than -1 then remove the item at the top of the stack by replacing it with null and decrease the value of top by 1, otherwise throw a StackEmptyException with the message "No item to remove" Name: doublePop Access modifier: public Parameters: none Return type: void Throws: StackEmptyException Task: if the value of top is greater than 0, then remove the item at the top of the stack by replacing it with null and decrease the value of top by 1, then remove the item at the top of the stack by replacing it with null and decrease the value of top by 1, otherwise throw a StackEmptyException with the message "There are less than two items in the stack" Name: top Access modifier: public Parameters: none Return type: T (parameterized type) Throws: StackEmptyException Task: if the value of top is greater than -1 then return the item at the top of the stack, otherwise throw a StackEmptyException with the message "Top attempted on an empty stack" Step 5 Develop a class with only a main method in it: import java.util.Scanner; public class ImprovedStackDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { /* Inside of this main method do the following: Create an object of the Scanner class that takes input from System.in and refer to this object as keyboard Create a reference to a ImprovedStackInterface called myImprovedStack and have it refer to a new object of the ImprovedArrayBasedStack type passing the value of 6 as an argument to the constructor Open a do/while loop Prompt the user to pick one of the following options: Press 1 to push one item onto the stack Press 2 to push two items onto the stack Press 3 to pop the top of stack Press 4 to pop the top of the stack twice Press 5 to look at the top of the stack Press 6 to end the program Save the user’s input into the option variable if the user picks option 1, prompt the user for what they would like to push onto the stack then save that in a variable called item Open a try block and inside that block call the push method by passing item as a parameter and then close the try block Open a catch block catching StackFullException e and inside this catch block print out the value of message stored in the exception else if the user picks option 2, prompt the user for what they would like to push onto the stack then save that in a variable called item1 Prompt the user for the second item that they would like to push onto the stack and save that in a variable called item2 Open a try block and inside that block call the push method by passing item1 and item 2 as parameters and then close the try block Open a catch block catching StackFullException e and inside this catch block print out the value of the message stored in the exception else if the user picks option 3, Open a try block and call the pop method and close the try block Open a catch block catching StackEmptyException e and inside this catch block print out the value of the message stored in the exception else if the user picks option 4, Open a try block and call the doublePop method and close the try block Open a catch block catching StackEmptyException e and inside this catch block print out the value of the message stored in the exception else if the user picks option 5, Open a try block and print the value returned by the top method and close the try block Open a catch block catching StackEmptyException e and inside this catch block print out the value of the message stored in the exception else if the user picks option 6, display Goodbye. else if the user picks any other option, display Error! close the do/while loop and make it so that it continues to run as long as the user does not pick option 6 */ } }

2. (a) (i) What are the advantages and disadvantages of conventional budgeting versus zero-based budgeting?

(ii) What organizational characteristics create likely candidates for

zero-based budgeting?

(b) (i) What is variance analysis?

(ii) Explain the relationships among the static budget, flexible budget, and actual results.

Please read the case below and answer the following question:    In court, Vinson’s allegations were countered by Taylor’s version of the facts. Will there always be a “your word against mine” problem in sexual harassment cases? What could Vinson have done to strengthen her case?

Consenting to Sexual Harassment

THE CASE OF VINSON V. TAYLOR, HEARd BEFOREthe federal district court for the District of Columbia, Mechelle Vinson alleged that Sidney Taylor, her supervisor at Capital City Federal Savings and Loan, had sexually harassed her.73But the facts of the case were contested.In court Vinson testified that about a year after she began working at the bank, Taylor asked her to have sexual relations with him. She claimed that Taylor said she “owed” him because he had obtained the job for her. Although she turned down Taylor at first, she eventually became involved with him. She and Taylor engaged in sexual relations, she said, both during and after business hours, in the remaining three years she worked at the bank. The encounters included intercourse in a bank vault and in a storage area. Taylor was Vinson’s supervisor, the court reasoned that notice to him was not notice to the bank.Vinson appealed the case, and the Court of Appeals held that the district court had erred in three ways. First, the district court had overlooked the fact that there are two possible kinds of sexual harassment. Writing for the majority, Chief Judge Spottswood Robinson distinguished cases in which the victim’s continued employment or promotion is conditioned on giving in to sexual demands and those cases in which the victim must tolerate a “substantially discriminatory work environment.” The lower court had failed to consider whether Vinson’s case involved harassment of the second kind.Second, the higher court also overruled the district court’s finding that because Vinson voluntarily engaged in a sexual relationship with Taylor, she was not a victim of sexual in the bank basement. Vinson also testified that Taylor often actually “assaulted or raped” her. She contended that she was forced to submit to Taylor or jeopardize her employment.Taylor, for his part, denied the allegations. He testified that he had never had sex with Vinson. On the contrary, he alleged that Vinson had made advances toward him and that he had declined them. He contended that Vinson had brought the charges against him to “get even” because of a work-related dispute.In its ruling on the case, the court held that if Vinson and Taylor had engaged in a sexual relationship, that relationship was voluntary on the part of Vinson and was not employment related. The court also held that Capital City Federal Savings and Loan did not have “notice” of the alleged harassment and was therefore not liable. Assuming the truth of Vinson’s version of the case, do you think her employer, Capital City Federal Savings and Loan, should be held liable for sexual harassment it was not aware of? Should the employer have been aware of it? Does the fact that Taylor was a supervi-sor make a difference? In general, when should an employer be liable for harassment?4.What steps do you think Vinson should have taken when Taylor first pressed her for sex? Should she be blamed for having given in to him? Assuming that there was sexual harassment despite her acquies-cence, does her going along with Taylor make her partly responsible or mitigate Taylor’s wrongdoing?5.In court, Vinson’s allegations were countered by Taylor’s version of the facts. Will there always be a “your word against mine” problem in sexual harassment cases? What could Vinson have done to strengthen her case?harassment. Voluntariness on Vinson’s part had “no bearing,” the judge wrote, on “whether Taylor made Vinson’s toleration of sexual harassment a condition of her employment.” Third, the Court of Appeals held that any discriminatory activity by a supervisor is attributable to the employer, regardless of whether the employer had specific notice.In his dissent to the decision by the Court of Appeals, Judge Robert Bork rejected the majority’s claim that “vol-untariness” did not automatically rule out harassment. He argued that this position would have the result of depriving the accused person of any defense, because he could no longer establish that the supposed victim was really “a willing participant.” Judge Bork contended further that an employer should not be held vicariously liable for a super-visor’s acts that it didn’t know about.Eventually the case arrived at the U.S. Supreme Court, which upheld the majority verdict of the Court of Appeals, stating that:[T]he fact that sex-related conduct was “voluntary,” in the sense that the complainant was not forced to participate against her will, is not a defense to a sexual harassment suit brought under Title VII. The gravamen of any sexual harassment claim is that the alleged sexual advances were “unwelcome.”. . . The correct inquiry is whether respondent by her con-duct indicated that the alleged sexual advances were unwelcome, not whether her actual participation in sexual intercourse was voluntary.The Court, however, rejected the Court of Appeals’s posi-tion that employers are strictly liable for the acts of their supervisors, regardless of the particular circumstances.

In cyclic photophosphorylation, it is estimated that two electrons must be passed through the cycle to pump enough protons to generate one ATP. Assuming that the ΔG°' for hydrolysis of ATP under conditions existing in the chloroplast is about -50 kJ/mol, calculate the corresponding percent efficiency of cyclic photophosphorylation using light of 700nm.

Possibly Helpful Information:

E=h(c/λ)

h=Planck's Constant=6.626176 x 10^-34 J·s

C=Speed of Light=3x10⁸ m/sec

​(Individual or component costs of​ capital)  Compute the cost of capital for the firm for the​ following:

a. A bond that has a ​$1 comma 000 par value​ (face value) and a contract or coupon interest rate of 10.9 percent. Interest payments are ​$54.50 and are paid semiannually. The bonds have a current market value of ​$1 comma 126 and will mature in 10 years. The​ firm's marginal tax rate is 34 percent.

b. A new common stock issue that paid a ​$1.78 dividend last year. The​ firm's dividends are expected to continue to grow at 7.5 percent per​ year, forever. The price of the​ firm's common stock is now ​$27.87.

c. A preferred stock that sells for ​$146​, pays a dividend of 8.8 ​percent, and has a​ $100 par value.  

d. A bond selling to yield 12.4 percent where the​ firm's tax rate is 34 percent.

4) What specific problems does this "official doctrine" lead to?

5) What is meant by Ryle's use of the phrase "Ghost in the Machine?"

Describe a project, or process, where quality assurance may be one of the most costly activities? please explain

416. Hedge fund AlphaBeta has a NAV of $1 million and a zero balance in its cumulative loss account on January 1, 2016.  Now suppose AlphaBeta’s annual performance (net of management fees) is + 13.9% in 2016, +12.6% in 2017, and -19.1% in 2018.  AlphaBeta charges a 20% performance fee.  Based on the high water mark reached in 2017, what minimum percentage gain the does the fund need to achieve in 2019 before performance fees can be taken again?