Bubba’s Western Wear is a western hat retailer in Lubbock, Texas. Although Bubba’s carries numerous styles of western hats, each hat has approximately the same price and invoice (purchase) cost, as shown in the following table. Sales personnel receive a commission to encourage them to be more aggressive in their sales efforts. Currently, the Lubbock economy is really humming, and sales growth at Bubba’s has been great. The business is very competitive, however, and Bubba, the owner, has relied on his knowledgeable and courteous staff to attract and retain customers who otherwise might go to other western wear stores. Because of the rapid growth in sales, Bubba is also finding the management of certain aspects of the business more difficult, such as restocking inventory and hiring and training new salespeople.

Required:

1. Calculate the annual breakeven point, both in terms of units and in terms of sales dollars.

2. If Bubba’s sells 22,000 hats, what is its before-tax income or loss? Support your answer by preparing a contribution income statement.

3. If Bubba’s sells 32,000 hats, what is its margin of safety (MOS) and MOS ratio?

4. Bubba is considering the elimination of sales commissions completely and increasing salaries by $157,000 annually. What would be the new breakeven point in units? What would be the before-tax income or loss if 22,000 hats are sold with the new salary plan?

onnelly Inc., a manufacturer of quality electric ice cream makers, has experienced a steady growth in sales over the past few years. Because her business has grown, Jan DeJaney, the president, believes she needs an aggressive advertising campaign next year to maintain the company’s growth. To prepare for the growth, the accountant prepared the following data for the current year:

Required:

1. If the costs and sales price remain the same, what is the projected operating profit for the coming year?

2. What is the breakeven point in units for the coming year?

3. Jan has set the sales target for 61,800 ice cream makers, which she thinks she can achieve by an additional fixed selling expense of $259,900 for advertising. All other costs remain as per the data in the above table. What will be the operating profit if the additional $259,900 is spent on advertising and sales rise to 61,800 units?

4-a. What will be the new breakeven point if the additional $259,900 is spent on advertising?

4-b. Prepare a contribution income statement at the new breakeven point.

4-c. What is the percentage change in both fixed costs and in the breakeven point?

5. If the additional $259,900 is spent for advertising in the next year, what is the sales level (in units) needed to equal the current year’s operating profit at 58,500 units?

Activity-Based Costing: Selling and Administrative Expenses

Jungle Junior Company manufactures and sells outdoor play equipment. Jungle Junior uses activity-based costing to determine the cost of the sales order processing and the customer return activity. The sales order processing activity has an activity rate of $75 per sales order, and the customer return activity has an activity rate of $15 per return. Jungle Junior sold 10,000 swing sets, which consisted of 2,800 orders and 300 returns.

a. Determine the total sales order processing and customer return activity cost for swing sets.
$

b. Determine the per-unit sales order processing and customer return activity cost for swing sets. If required, round your answer to the nearest cent.
$per unit

Multiple Production Department Factory Overhead Rates

The total factory overhead for Bardot Marine Company is budgeted for the year at $411,750, divided into two departments: Fabrication, $276,750, and Assembly, $135,000. Bardot Marine manufactures two types of boats: speedboats and bass boats. The speedboats require one direct labor hour in Fabrication and three direct labor hours in Assembly. The bass boats require two direct labor hours in Fabrication and one direct labor hour in Assembly. Each product is budgeted for 4,500 units of production for the year.

If required, round all per unit answers to the nearest cent.

a. Determine the total number of budgeted direct labor hours for the year in each department.

b. Determine the departmental factory overhead rates for both departments.

c. Determine the factory overhead allocated per unit for each product using the department factory overhead allocation rates.

TO Industries prepares monthly cash budgets. The following budget information is available for April and May 2019:

All sales are credit sales. The company expects to collect 60% from customers in the month of the sale and the remaining 40% in first month following the sale. The company purchases direct materials on account. The company pays for 75% of the purchases in the month of the purchases and the remaining 25% in the first month following the purchase. Direct labor, manufacturing overhead, and selling and administrative expenses are paid in cash in the month incurred.

Additional information:

• March 2019 credit sales were $600,000
• March 2019 purchases of direct materials were $200,000
• The company’s cash balance on April 1, 2019 is expected to be $90,000
• The company wants to maintain a minimum cash balance of $80,000 and has a line of credit in the amount of 1,000,000, with an annual interest rate of 6%, available to borrow if the budgeted cash balance falls below that level. Any amounts borrowed on the line of credit at the end of a month require a cash interest payment in the subsequent month. If the ending cash balance in a month exceeds the minimum balance, the excess amount is used to repay any amounts borrowed on the line of credit.

Required

1. Prepare a schedule of cash collections from credit sales for April and May 2019.
2. Prepare a schedule of cash disbursements for direct material purchases for April and May 2019.
3. Prepare a cash budget for April and May 2019 in columnar format.

How Managerial Accounting Practices support Strategy and Strategic Management ?

Troy Engines, Ltd., manufactures a variety of engines for use in heavy equipment. The company has always produced all of the necessary parts for its engines, including all of the carburetors. An outside supplier has offered to sell one type of carburetor to Troy Engines, Ltd., for a cost of $36 per unit. To evaluate this offer, Troy Engines, Ltd., has gathered the following information relating to its own cost of producing the carburetor internally:

*One-third supervisory salaries; two-thirds depreciation of special equipment (no resale value).

Required:

1. Assuming the company has no alternative use for the facilities that are now being used to produce the carburetors, what would be the financial advantage (disadvantage) of buying 15,000 carburetors from the outside supplier?

2. Should the outside supplier’s offer be accepted?

3. Suppose that if the carburetors were purchased, Troy Engines, Ltd., could use the freed capacity to launch a new product. The segment margin of the new product would be $150,000 per year. Given this new assumption, what would be the financial advantage (disadvantage) of buying 15,000 carburetors from the outside supplier?

4. Given the new assumption in requirement 3, should the outside supplier’s offer be accepted?

Assigning Traceable Fixed Expenses
Selected data for Miller Company, which operates three departments, follow:

During the year, the company's fixed expenses included the following:

Assume that the property tax rate is the same for both inventory and equipment. Using the most causally related bases, prepare a schedule assigning the fixed expenses to the three departments. Hint: Not all fixed expenses are traceable to the three departments. One of these fixed costs should be considered a common cost and not traceable to the departments.

Do not round until your final answer. Round final answer to the nearest whole number.

The modern Age Copier Company is considering purchasing a copier for use by customers. Data for the copier under consideration is reflected in the table below. The copier is expected to last 8 years. The tax rate is 30%. The Company will not accept a project with a return of less than 12% Copier Equipment Cost $64,000 Annual Revenues $80,000 Annual Paper Costs $33,100 Annual Maintenance Costs $20,000 Annual Depreciation $ 8,000 All of the items in the table above are taxable or tax deductible except for the initial cost of the copier Equipment. Although the initial cost is not tax deductible, the initial cost will be subject to depreciation. Assume straight line depreciation with no residual value. 1. Should Modern Age Copier undertake this project? Explain and support with analysis. 2. Compute the Payback period (Round to one decimal place) Show analysis.

Lubricants, Inc., produces a special kind of grease that is widely used by race car drivers. The grease is produced in two processing departments—Refining and Blending. Raw materials are introduced at various points in the Refining Department.

The following incomplete Work in Process account is available for the Refining Department for March:

The March 1 work in process inventory in the Refining Department consists of the following elements: materials, $7,200; direct labor, $4,800; and overhead, $21,200.

Costs incurred during March in the Blending Department were: materials used, $46,000; direct labor, $17,100; and overhead cost applied to production, $103,000.

Required:

1. Prepare journal entries to record the costs incurred in both the Refining Department and Blending Department during March. Key your entries to the items (a) through (g) below.

1. Raw materials used in production.
2. Direct labor costs incurred.
3. Manufacturing overhead costs incurred for the entire factory, $676,000. (Credit Accounts Payable.)
4. Manufacturing overhead was applied to production using a predetermined overhead rate.
5. Units that were complete with respect to processing in the Refining Department were transferred to the Blending Department, $642,000.
6. Units that were complete with respect to processing in the Blending Department were transferred to Finished Goods, $800,000.
7. Completed units were sold on account, $1,360,000. The Cost of Goods Sold was $620,000.

2. Post the journal entries from (1) above to T-accounts. The following account balances existed at the beginning of March. (The beginning balance in the Refining Department’s Work in Process is given in the T-account shown above.)

Weston Products manufactures an industrial cleaning compound that goes through three processing departments—Grinding, Mixing, and Cooking. All raw materials are introduced at the start of work in the Grinding Department. The Work in Process T-account for the Grinding Department for May is given below:

The May 1 work in process inventory consisted of 108,000 pounds with $171,720 in materials cost and $114,480 in conversion cost. The May 1 work in process inventory was 100% complete with respect to materials and 30% complete with respect to conversion. During May, 305,000 pounds were started into production. The May 31 inventory consisted of 117,000 pounds that were 100% complete with respect to materials and 70% complete with respect to conversion. The company uses the weighted-average method in its process costing system.

Required:

1. Compute the Grinding Department's equivalent units of production for materials and conversion in May.

2. Compute the Grinding Department's costs per equivalent unit for materials and conversion for May.

3. Compute the Grinding Department's cost of ending work in process inventory for materials, conversion, and in total for May.

4. Compute the Grinding Department's cost of units transferred out to the Mixing Department for materials, conversion, and in total for May.

Builder Products, Inc., uses the weighted-average method in its process costing system. It manufactures a caulking compound that goes through three processing stages prior to completion. Information on work in the first department, Cooking, is given below for May:

Required:

1. Compute the equivalent units of production for materials and conversion for May.

2. Compute the cost per equivalent unit for materials and conversion for May.

3. Compute the cost of ending work in process inventory for materials, conversion, and in total for May.

4. Compute the cost of units transferred out to the next department for materials, conversion, and in total for May.

5. Prepare a cost reconciliation report for May.

Ivanhoe Company had $177,900 of net income in 2019 when the selling price per unit was $154, the variable costs per unit were $98, and the fixed costs were $572,500. Management expects per unit data and total fixed costs to remain the same in 2020. The president of Ivanhoe Company is under pressure from stockholders to increase net income by $93,800 in 2020.

Compute the number of units sold in 2019.

Compute the number of units that would have to be sold in 2020 to reach the stockholders’ desired profit level.

Assume that Ivanhoe Company sells the same number of units in 2020 as it did in 2019. What would the selling price have to be in order to reach the stockholders’ desired profit level?

Static and Flexible Budgets
Graham Corporation used the following data to evaluate its current operating system. The company sells items for $10 each and used a budgeted selling price of $10 per unit.

a. Prepare the actual income statement, flexible budget, and static budget.

Do not use negative signs with any of your answers below.

For questions b., c., and d., do not use negative signs with your answers. Select either U for Unfavorable or F for Favorable using the drop down box next to each of your variance answers.

b. What is the static-budget variance of revenues?

$Answer

c. What is the flexible budget variance for variable costs?

$Answer

d. What is the flexible budget variance for fixed costs?

$Answer