$2,609

$11,391

$7,611

$6,831

YOUNG BRANDS (YB) is a manufacturer of sports clothing and team uniforms. Its industry is quite competitive, so the management team has attempted to operate a modern operation with state-of-the-art production facilities. Careful cost management has been an important factor in attaining profits. YB is considered a leader for its fashion sense, pricing, marketing, and product quality.

Professional and university-team uniforms and affiliated products are sold by company salesmen to teams and to retail stores throughout North America. YB currently uses a network of manufacturers' representatives to reach retailers in Europe, Latin America, and Asia. (A manufacturer's rep­resentative [MR] is an independent individual, sales agency, or company that sells a manufacturer's products to wholesale and retail customers in foreign countries.)

There is a large demand for licensed (approved) clothing with team logos and colors, and premium prices can be charged to retail customers who buy for themselves as fans, for friends and relatives as gifts, or simply to affiliate with a local (hopefully winning) team. The licensed clothing line includes sweatshirts; caps; jogging suits; baseball, football, and hockey shirts; and various accessories (such as tote bags, scarves, and towels).

CHANGES IN YB'S GLOBAL MARKETING STRATEGY

About a year ago, the senior managers concluded that YB products in global markets were “underappreciated” and that “sales could—and should—be substantially higher.” See Exhibit C6.1 for recent global sales results. They reasoned that trade shows in the major international markets are a relatively inexpensive way to display the company's products and provide an opportunity to meet major corporate buyers face to face.

EXHIBIT C6.1 Recent Financial Results

That is precisely what happened. The firm's exhibits were impressive, former athletes were used as spokespersons, and the company made important contacts with Asian and European buyers. The long-term plan is to eliminate the use of MRs and to sell directly to major retail chains. This will improve market saturation in metropolitan areas and end the commissions paid to the MR network (currently about 6 percent of revenue on average).

As a result of this, YB's sales growth is expected to increase sharply in the next three years, and revenues are estimated to more than double by the end of 2018. The marketing vice president forecasts worldwide sales of $160 million in 2016, $200 million in 2017, and $250 million in 2018. Management is pleased with the forecast because it is evidence of what they have long believed: that the company manufactures quality products with global appeal at a reasonable price. The downside is that such growth will undoubtedly require external financing and could cause administrative and operational difficulties.

Although YB will explore a number of financing alternatives, it is recognized that the first step is to estimate the external funds needed for the period ahead. After all, before a financing option is explored, a reasonable projection must be made of what needs to be raised. And it is even possible that a portion of the expected growth can be internally financed.

FORECASTING CONSIDERATIONS

In order to develop the forecast, the president, Henry Gilmore, called a group meeting of his senior managers. All agree that the sales projections are “quite reasonable” in view of the activity resulting from the trade shows and the global obsession with sports teams and competitions, and may even be a bit low. They also decide to concentrate on the 2016 forecast at their initial meeting.

A few months ago, YB began implementing a number of cost-cutting measures that are expected to generate a 32 percent gross margin each year of the forecast. Due to economies of scale, operating expenses are expected to increase less than proportionately with sales, and the manager group agrees to a 20 percent increase in 2016. The relevant tax rate is 40 percent.

The purchasing vice president noted that the financial forecast needs to consider the tighter credit terms offered by many of the firm's suppliers. Company records show that two years ago, about 70 percent of YB's purchases were on terms of 2/10, net 30. That is, most suppliers offered a 2 percent discount to customers who paid within 10 days, with full payment expected by day 30. “We always took the discount when it was offered.”

Company records show that during the past year, about half of the suppliers offered the 2/10, net 30, discount. Fewer vendors are likely to offer cash discounts in the future, which will impact the firm's gross margin due to slightly higher prices paid for materials. Therefore, he recommends that the gross margin estimate be reduced to 31 percent, which the group accepts.

WORKING CAPITAL ISSUES

The discussion then turned to working capital management. Inventory control has been a problem for YB at times. Some in the group believe that inventory turnover can be increased to eight times mainly by using suppliers with shorter delivery times. Others are skeptical, believing that it is unrealistic to think that inventory management can be improved unless there is specific evidence to support this conclusion. The group finally concurs that an estimate based on historical inventory patterns is appropriate.

Given the new global customer base, it is clear that the firm's historical experience with its accounts receivable will be of little help in predicting future receivables. For the purpose of this forecast, the group decides to assume that they will offer credit terms of net 30 and that 50 percent of customers will pay on time and all other receivables will be received in 50 days. YB expects that this experience will improve in future years.

The marketing vice president is tasked with the responsibility of making payment terms clear to the new foreign buyers, and to working with YB's banks to establish letter of credit facilities. (A letter of credit is a document issued by a bank ensuring payment to a seller of goods, provided certain documents have been presented to the bank. These are documents that prove that the seller has performed the duties under an underlying sales contract and the goods have been supplied as agreed.)

The group expects that nearly all sales will be collected, and it estimates that bad debt expense will be “insignificant” and can be ignored. The group also thinks that cash should be 4 percent of sales. The firm's predicted 2016 spending on fixed assets is $35 million. These expenditures partly reflect the replacement of existing equipment but mainly result from the new facilities necessary to accommodate the growth in sales.

The note payable will require a 20 percent payoff in 2016. Other current liabilities will increase at the same rate as sales. Existing bond debt and bank loans will require an average payoff of 15 percent of the principal amount.

FINANCIAL ISSUES

YB will pay $1 million in dividends during 2016, the same amount as in 2015. Although this might appear stingy, the group believes that most profits should be reinvested in the aggressive plans for global growth. Ignore any interest expense for the purpose of calculating the 2016 financial statements. The group realizes that it is likely that most of any new required funds will be borrowed. The finance vice president says he has enough information to develop an estimate for 2016.

* After accumulated depreciation.

EXHIBIT C6.2 Financial Statements ($ millions)

EXHIBIT C6.3 Selected Industry Ratios and Other Financial Data

Question: Develop the 2016 pro forma balance sheet.

Julia Baker died, leaving to her husband Henry an insurance policy contract that provides that the beneficiary (Henry) can choose any one of the following four options. Money is worth 2.50% per quarter, compounded quarterly. Compute Present value if: Click here to view factor tables Correct answer. Your answer is correct. (a) $55,260 immediate cash. (Round factor values to 5 decimal places, e.g. 1.25124 and final answer to 0 decimal places, e.g. 458,581.) Present value $Entry field with correct answer 55260 SHOW SOLUTION LINK TO TEXT LINK TO TEXT Correct answer. Your answer is correct. (b) $4,040 every 3 months payable at the end of each quarter for 5 years. (Round factor values to 5 decimal places, e.g. 1.25124 and final answer to 0 decimal places, e.g. 458,581.) Present value $Entry field with correct answer 62980 SHOW SOLUTION LINK TO TEXT LINK TO TEXT Correct answer. Your answer is correct. (c) $19,160 immediate cash and $1,916 every 3 months for 10 years, payable at the beginning of each 3-month period. (Round factor values to 5 decimal places, e.g. 1.25124 and final answer to 0 decimal places, e.g. 458,581.) Present value $Entry field with correct answer 68459 SHOW SOLUTION LINK TO TEXT LINK TO TEXT Incorrect answer. Your answer is incorrect. Try again. (d) $4,040 every 3 months for 3 years and $1,490 each quarter for the following 25 quarters, all payments payable at the end of each quarter. (Round factor values to 5 decimal places, e.g. 1.25124 and final answer to 0 decimal places, e.g. 458,581.) Present value $Entry field with incorrect answer 68894 LINK TO TEXT LINK TO TEXT Incorrect answer. Your answer is incorrect. Try again. Which option would you recommend that Henry exercise?

On February 1, 2021, Arrow Construction Company entered into a three-year construction contract to build a bridge for a price of $8,350,000. During 2021, costs of $2,140,000 were incurred, with estimated costs of $4,140,000 yet to be incurred. Billings of $2,668,000 were sent, and cash collected was $2,390,000.

In 2022, costs incurred were $2,668,000 with remaining costs estimated to be $3,810,000. 2022 billings were $2,918,000, and $2,615,000 cash was collected. The project was completed in 2023 after additional costs of $3,940,000 were incurred. The company’s fiscal year-end is December 31. This project does not qualify for revenue recognition over time.

Required:

1. Calculate the amount of revenue and gross profit or loss to be recognized in each of the three years.

2a. Prepare journal entries for 2021 to record the transactions described (credit "various accounts" for construction costs incurred).

2b. Prepare journal entries for 2022 to record the transactions described (credit "various accounts" for construction costs incurred).

3a. Prepare a partial balance sheet to show the presentation of the project as of December 31, 2021.

3b. Prepare a partial balance sheet to show the presentation of the project as of December 31, 2022.

The Town of Brown has the following financial transactions:

1. The town council adopts an annual budget for the general fund estimating general revenues of $2.0 million, approved expenditures of $1.6 million, approved transfers pf $150,000.

2. The town levies property taxes of $1.5 million. It expects to collect all but 4% of these taxes during the year. Of the levied amount, $50,000 will be collected next year but after more than 60 days.

3. The town orders three new police cars at an approximate cost of $120,000.

4. A transfer of $60,000 is made from the general fund to the debt service fund.

5. The town makes a payment on a bond payable of $50,000 along with $15,000 of interest using the money previously set aside.

6. The Town of Brown issues a $3 million bond at face value in hopes of acquiring a building to convert into a high school.

7. The two police cars are received with an invoice price of $115,000. The voucher has been approved and will not be paid for three weeks.

8. The town purchases the building for the high school for $2.5 million in cash and immediately begins renovating it.

9. Depreciation on the new police cars is computed at $35,000 for the period.

10. The town borrows $120,000 on a 30-day-tax anticipation note.

11. The Town of Brown begins a special assessment curbing project. The government issues $900,000 in notes at face value to finance this project. The town has guaranteed the debt if the assessments collected do not cover the entire balance.

12. A contractor completes the curbing project and is paid $900,000 as agreed.

13. The town assesses citizens $900,000 for the completed curbing project.

14. The town collects the special assessments of $900,000 in full and repays the debt plus $40,000 in interest.

15. The town receives a $20,000 cash grant from a regional charity to beautify a local park. The grant must be used to cover the specific costs that the town incurs.

16. The town spends the first $5,000 to beautify the park.

Question 1. – Please prepare journal entries for the town based on the production of fund financial statements.

Question 2 – Please prepare journal entries in anticipation of preparing government-wide financial statements.

Incorporated manufactures medium-size desks in its Processing Department. Direct materials are added at the initiation of the cycle. Conversion costs are incurred evenly throughout the production cycle. Before inspection, some products are spoiled due to non-detectible defects. Inspection occurs at the end of the process. Spoiled desks generally constitute 10% of the good units. Data for March 2019 are as follows: WIP, beginning inventory 3/1/2019 30,000 Units Direct materials (100% complete) Conversion costs (50% complete) Started during March 80,000 Units Completed and transferred out 3/31/2019 85,000 Units WIP, ending inventory 3/31/2019 7,500 Units Direct materials (100% complete) Conversion costs (20% complete) Costs for March: WIP, beginning Inventory: Direct materials $ 40,000 Conversion costs 75,000 Direct materials added 415,000 Conversion costs added 417,000

Q1) What is the number of total spoiled units?

Q2) Normal spoilage totals ________.

Q3) Abnormal spoilage totals ________.

Q4) What is the total cost per equivalent unit using the First-In-First Out method of process costing?

Q5) What cost is allocated to abnormal spoilage using the First-In-First Out method?

Q6) What is the amount of direct materials and conversion costs assigned to ending work in process using the First-In-First Out method?

Q7) What is the cost assigned to units completed and transferred out using the First-In-First Out method? 

PLEASE: (Answer the questions with the details)

What are the factors that are key for establishing product differentiation in the new post-recession consumer environment especially as it relates to economic indicators? What is a luxury good and should marketers of luxury goods abandon their efforts to establish premium pricing? How do changes in societal attitudes toward companies and products affect the way marketers of consumer goods think about the customer value chain? Provide examples of companies that have changed their approach to marketing in response to a shift in consumers’ value in changing economic times.

Due to erratic sales of its sole product—a high-capacity battery for laptop computers—PEM, Inc., has been experiencing financial difficulty for some time. The company’s contribution format income statement for the most recent month is given below:

Required:

1. Compute the company’s CM ratio and its break-even point in unit sales and dollar sales.

2. The president believes that a $6,900 increase in the monthly advertising budget, combined with an intensified effort by the sales staff, will result in an $89,000 increase in monthly sales. If the president is right, what will be the increase (decrease) in the company’s monthly net operating income?

3. Refer to the original data. The sales manager is convinced that a 10% reduction in the selling price, combined with an increase of $31,000 in the monthly advertising budget, will double unit sales. If the sales manager is right, what will be the revised net operating income (loss)?

4. Refer to the original data. The Marketing Department thinks that a fancy new package for the laptop computer battery would grow sales. The new package would increase packaging costs by $0.40 per unit. Assuming no other changes, how many units would have to be sold each month to attain a target profit of $4,000?

5. Refer to the original data. By automating, the company could reduce variable expenses by $3 per unit. However, fixed expenses would increase by $57,000 each month.

a. Compute the new CM ratio and the new break-even point in unit sales and dollar sales.

b. Assume that the company expects to sell 20,200 units next month. Prepare two contribution format income statements, one assuming that operations are not automated and one assuming that they are. (Show data on a per unit and percentage basis, as well as in total, for each alternative.)

c. Would you recommend that the company automate its operations (Assuming that the company expects to sell 20,200)?

The president believes that a $6,900 increase in the monthly advertising budget, combined with an intensified effort by the sales staff, will result in an $89,000 increase in monthly sales. If the president is right, what will be the increase (decrease) in the company’s monthly net operating income? (Do not round intermediate calculations.)

Assignment 3:

P13-12A The income statement and unclassified statement of financial position for E-Perform, Inc. follow:

Additional information:

1. Prepaid expenses and accrued liabilities relate to operating expenses.
2. An unrealized gain on held for trading investments of $14,000 was recorded.
3. New equipment costing $85,000 was purchased for $25,000 cash and a $60,000 long-term bank loan payable.
4. Old equipment having an original cost of $57,500 was sold for $1,500.
5. Accounts payable relate to merchandise creditors.
6. Some of the bank loan was repaid during the year.
7. A dividend was paid during the year.
8. Operating expenses include $46,500 of depreciation expense and a $7,500 loss on disposal of equipment.

Instructions

(a) Prepare the statement of cash flows, using the direct method.

(b) E-Perform's cash position more than doubled between 2017 and 2018. Identify the primary reason(s) for this significant increase.

Assignment 3:

P9-6A Altona Limited purchased delivery equipment on March 1, 2016, for $130,000 cash. At that time, the equipment was estimated to have a useful life of five years and a residual value of $10,000. The equipment was disposed of on November 30, 2018. Altona uses the diminishing-balance method at one time the straight-line depreciation rate, has an August 31 year end, and makes adjusting entries annually.

Instructions

(a) Record the acquisition of equipment on March 1, 2016.

(b) Record depreciation at August 31, 2016, 2017, and 2018.

(c) Record the disposal of the equipment on November 30, 2018, under each of the following independent assumptions:

1. It was sold for $60,000.
2. It was sold for $80,000.
3. It was retired for no proceeds.

Listed below (in alphabetical order) are the general ledger and budgetary accounts for the City of Walland. All balances are year end, unless otherwise noted. All accounts have a normal balance. At the end of the year, the City Council passed an ordinance that all outstanding orders would be honored in the following fiscal year. Also, the Finance Officer set aside $40 for equipment replacement.

Requirements:

1.              Prepare the Statement of Revenues, Expenditures, and Changes in Fund Balance for the year ended June 30, 20X4.

2.              Prepare the Balance Sheet for the year ended June 30, 20X4.

3.              Prepare all necessary closing entries.

City of Walland

Preclosing Trial Balance

For the Year Ended June 30, 20X4

Advance to Enterprise Fund................................................................................          1,000

Allowance for Uncollectible Taxes......................................................................             300

Appropriations....................................................................................................          8,850

Budgetary Fund Balance......................................................................................             150

Cash.....................................................................................................................        $5,000

Due from Special Revenue Fund.........................................................................             100

Encumbrances Outstanding.................................................................................               60

Encumbrances......................................................................................................               60

Estimated Revenues.............................................................................................          9,000

Expenditures – Capital Outlay............................................................................          2,500

Expenditures – Operating....................................................................................          6,340

Fund Balance (July 1, 20X3)...............................................................................          9,505

Investments.........................................................................................................          2,500

OFS – Proceeds from Sale of Vehicle..................................................................               50

OFS – Transfer from Capital Projects Fund.......................................................               60

OFU – Transfer to Debt Service Fund................................................................             100

OFU – Transfer to Enterprise Fund....................................................................             200

Revenues – Other................................................................................................          1,250

Revenues – Property Taxes.................................................................................          7,500

Salaries Payable...................................................................................................               50

Special Item – Proceeds from Sale of Land..........................................................             350

Supplies...............................................................................................................             175

Taxes Receivable..................................................................................................          1,500

Vouchers Payable................................................................................................             350

analyze the write-off of the $23 Billion in GOODWILL by General Electric (GE).....Is there really an ASSET called GOODWILL????....Should Goodwill be recorded as an EXPENSE????

The Paver Corporation produces an executive jet for which it currently manufactures a fuel valve; the cost of the valve is indicated below:

The company has an offer from Duvall Valves to produce the part for $1,996 per unit and supply 910 valves (the number needed in the coming year). If the company accepts this offer and shuts down production of valves, production workers and supervisors will be reassigned to other areas where, unfortunately, they really are not needed. The equipment cannot be used elsewhere in the company, and it has no market value. However, the space occupied by the production of the valve can be used by another production group that is currently leasing space for $56,050 per year.

Should the company make or buy the valve?

The Meals for the Homeless is a private, not-for-profit organization that provides free meals for the destitute in a large city. The following transactions took place in the accounts of Meals for the Homeless during 2020.

1.         Restricted Cash gifts of $80,000 that were received last year (in cash)         were spent on food (this year) in 2020.

2.         Unrestricted Cash of $200,000 was received as a donation in 2020.

Additional Information: The January 1, 2020 balances from the Statement of Financial Position (balance sheet) were as follows:

a)         Cash $700,000 (debit)

b)         Net Assets Unrestricted By Donor $500,000 (credit)

c)         Net Assets Restricted By Donor $200,000 (credit)

Required:

A)        Record the two transactions above in journal entry form.

B)        Prepare a Statement of Activities for the year 2020.

C)        Prepare a Statement of Changes in Net Assets for 2020.

D)        Prepare a Statement of Financial Position (balance sheet) as of December 31, 2020.