The Fields Company has two manufacturing departments, forming and painting. The company uses the weighted-average method of process costing. At the beginning of the month, the forming department has 32,000 units in inventory, 65% complete as to materials and 35% complete as to conversion costs. The beginning inventory cost of $71,100 consisted of $51,400 of direct materials costs and $19,700 of conversion costs.

During the month, the forming department started 410,000 units. At the end of the month, the forming department had 30,000 units in ending inventory, 90% complete as to materials and 40% complete as to conversion. Units completed in the forming department are transferred to the painting department.

Cost information for the forming department is as follows:

Exercise 16-6 Weighted average: Cost per EUP and costs assigned to output LO C2

1.
Calculate the equivalent units of production for the forming department.

2.
Calculate the costs per equivalent unit of production for the forming department.

3.
Using the weighted-average method, assign costs to the forming department’s output—specifically, its units transferred to painting and its ending work in process inventory.

1. How do accounting policies and practices affect financial accounting information used for "external" decision making purposes?
2. What governing and oversight bodies exist to help ensure timely and accurate reporting of financial information by publicly traded companies?
3. How do internal controls help ensure that financial results are accurately and fairly presented for use by external users?

Moon (Ltd) manufacture specially treated garden benches. The following information was extracted from the budget for the year ended 29 February 2016:

Estimated sales for the financial year 2 000 units

Selling price per garden bench R450

Variable production cost per garden bench:

- Direct material - R135

- Direct labour -R90

- Overheads -R45

Fixed production overheads R127 500

Selling and administrative expenses:

- Salary of sales manager for the year - R75000

- Sales commission-10% of sales

Required: (round off answers to the nearest rand or whole number)

3.1 Calculate the break-even quantity.

3.2 Determine the break-even value using the marginal income ratio.

3.3 Calculate the margin of safety (in Rand terms).

3.4 Determine the number of sales units required to make a profit of R150 000.

3.5 Suppose Moon (Ltd) wants to make provision for a 10% increase in fixed production costs and an increase in variable overhead costs of R15 per unit. Calculate the new break-even quantity.

The records for Botox Company show this data for 2010 and 2011:

- For 2010, Botox recorded a probable and estimable contingent liability due to a lawsuit. The range for the loss is $700,000 to $1,000,000. In 2011, the lawsuit is settled and Botox pays the actual loss of $850,000.

- Gross profit on a two-year construction contract begun in 2010 was recorded at $350,000 for 2010 and $600,000 for 2011. Cash received was $50,000 in 2010 and $500,000 in 2011.

- An officer of Botox Company passed away during 2011. Life insurance proceeds from a key officer life insurance policy was $200,000.

- Botox earns $600 per month on a municipal bond investment throughout 2010 and 2011.

- Machinery was acquired in January 2010 for $300,000. Straight-line depreciation over a five-year life (no salvage value) is used. For tax purposes, Tuesday may deduct 30% of the cost in 2010 and 25% of the cost in 2011, with the remainder of the cost being depreciated at 15% per year for the three years 2012-2014.

- Pretax financial income is $1,350,000 in 2010 and $1,500,000 in 2011. The tax rate is 25% for all years.

- Botox Company has no beginning balances of deferred tax assets or liabilities.

(a) Prepare a schedule for 2010 and 2011 starting with pretax financial income and compute taxable income.

(b) Prepare the journal entry to record income taxes for 2011.

t: Your dog, Peyton, has severe allergies and cannot have the usual store-bought dog treats. You have been making homemade treats for him that are allnatural and hypoallergenic. Over the past year, you have been making and selling these treats out of your home, and you have been quite successful. You now have an opportunity to open your own dog treat bakery. You have decided on a corporate form of business and have named your company “Peyton Approved.” To complete Milestone One, use accepted accounting principles to follow and record your business transactions for a three-month period. You will find the provided data for your workbook in the appendix at the end of this document. The data have been separated from the prompt so that you can more easily view the full scope of the assignment. Links have been provided to help you locate the information you need as you move through each step. Specifically, the following critical elements must be addressed: I. Record financial data that accurately captures business transactions according to accepted accounting principles. A. Step One: Complete the “July Journal Entries” tab in your workbook using the Step One data in the appendix. B. Step Two: Complete the “August Journal Entries” tab in your workbook using the Step Two data in the appendix. C. Step Three: Complete the “September Journal Entries” tab in your workbook using the Step Three data and updated scenario information in the appendix. Note that there was an additional line of products added this month, so you must first complete the “Inventory Valuation” tab in your workbook and then copy the journal entries from the inventory evaluation page into your journal for this month to ensure the impact of merchandising is reflected in your reporting. The following critical element is not graded: D. Step Four: Transfer posted entries to T accounts. Rubric Guidelines for Submission: Your completed accounting workbook should have all tabs fully and accurately populated in the provided Excel template. Critical Elements Evident (100%) Not Evident (0%) Value Record Financial Data: Step One Completes the “July Journal Entries” tab Does not complete the “July Journal Entries” tab 33.33 Record Financial Data: Step Two Completes the “August Journal Entries” tab Does not complete the “August Journal Entries” tab 33.33 Record Financial Data: Step Three Completes the “September Journal Entries” tab Does not complete the “September Journal Entries” tab 33.34 Total 100% Appendix: Workbook Data for Milestone One Step One Data (Click on the link to return to the prompt.) The following events occur in July, 2018: July 1: You take $10,000 from your personal savings account and buy common stock in Peyton Approved. July 1: Purchase $6,500 in baking supplies from vendor, on account. July 3: Your parents lend the company $10,000 cash in exchange for a two-year, 6% note payable. Interest and the principal are repayable at maturity. July 7: Enter into a lease agreement for bakery space. The agreement is for 1 year. The rent is $1,500 per month, and the last month’s rent payment of $1,500 is required at time of lease agreement. The payment was made in cash. Lease period is effective July 1, 2018, through June 30, 2019. July 10: Pay $375 to the county for a business license. July 11: Purchase a cash register for $250 (deemed to be not material enough to qualify as depreciable equipment—use misc. exp.). July 13: You have baking equipment, including an oven and mixer, which you have been using for your home-based business and will now start using in the bakery. You estimate that the equipment is currently worth $6,000, and you transfer the equipment into the business in exchange for additional common stock. The equipment has a 5-year useful life. July 13: Pay $200 for business cards/flyers/posters/ads to use for advertising. July 14: Pay $300 for office supplies. July 15: Hire part-time helper to be paid $12 per hour. Pay periods are the 1st through the 15th and 16th through the end of the month, with paydays being the 20th for the first pay period and the 5th of the following month for the second pay period. (No entry is required on this date; it is here for informational purposes only.) July 30: Received telephone bill for July in amount of $75. Payment is due on August 10. July 31: Pay $2,400 for a 12-month insurance policy. Policy effective dates are August 1, 2018, through July 31, 2019. July 31: Accrue wages earned for employee for period of 16th through 31st of July (Wage calculations table provided below). July 31: Total July bakery sales were $15,000. $5,000 of these sales are on accounts receivable. Step Two Data (Click on the link to return to the prompt.) The following events occur in August, 2018: August 5: Paid employee for period ending 7/31. August 8: Receive payments from customers towards accounts receivable in amount of $3,800. August 10: Paid July telephone bill. August 15: Purchase additional baking supplies in amount of $5,000 from vendor, on account. August 15: Accrue wages earned for employee from period of 1st through 15th of August (Wage calculations table provided below). August 15: Pay rent on bakery space. August 18: Receive payments from customers towards accounts receivable in amount of $3,000. August 20: Paid $8,500 toward baking supplies vendor payable. August 20: Pay employee for period ending 8/15. August 22: $300 in office supplies purchased. August 31: Received telephone bill for August in amount of $75. Payment is due on September 10. August 31: Accrue wages earned for employee for period of August 16th through August 31st (Wage calculations table provided below). August 31: August bakery sales total $20,000. $7,500 of this total is on accounts receivable. Step Three (Click on the link to return to the prompt.) Updated Scenario: Many customers have been asking for more hypoallergenic products, so in September you start carrying a line of hypoallergenic shampoos on a trial basis. The following information relates to the purchase and sales of the shampoo:  You use the perpetual inventory method. Although you could use the following valuation methods —FIFO, LIFO, or weighted average, you choose to use the FIFO method. Data: The following events occur in September, 2018: September 1: Paid dividends to self in amount of $10,000. September 5: Pay employee for period ending 8/31. September 7: Purchase merchandise for resale. See “Inventory Valuation” tab for details. September 8: Receive payments from customers toward accounts receivable in amount of $4,000. September 10: Pay August telephone bill. September 11: Purchase baking supplies in amount of $7,000 from vendor on account. September 13: Paid on supplies vendor account in amount of $5,000. September 15: Accrue employee wages for period of September 1 through September 15. September 15: Pay rent on bakery space: $1,500. September 15: Record merchandise sales transaction. See “Inventory Valuation” tab for details. September 15: Record impact of sales transaction on COGS and the inventory asset. See “Inventory Valuation” tab for details. September 20: Pay employee for period ending 9/15. September 20: Purchase merchandise inventory for resale to customers. See “Inventory Valuation” tab for details. September 24: Record sales of merchandise to customers. See “Inventory Valuation” tab for details. September 24: Record impact of sales transaction on COGS and the inventory asset. See “Inventory Valuation” tab for details. September 30: Purchase merchandise inventory for resale to customers. See “Inventory Valuation” tab for details. September 30: Accrue employee wages for period of September 16th through September 30th September 30: Total September bakery sales are $20,000. $6,000 of these sales are on accounts receivable. Wage calculation data: Month Hours Rate Pay 31 Jul. 10 12 120 15 Aug. 40 12 480 31 Aug. 35 12 420 15 Sep. 38 12 456 30 Sep. 40 12 480

Shown here are condensed income statements for two different companies (both are organized as LLCs and pay no income taxes).

Problem 9-5A Part 5

5. What happens to each company’s net income if sales increase by 80%? (Round your answers to nearest whole percent.)

6. What happens to each company’s net income if sales decrease by 10%? (Round your answers to nearest whole percent.)

7. What happens to each company’s net income if sales decrease by 20%? (Round your answers to nearest whole percent.)

8. What happens to each company’s net income if sales decrease by 40%? (Round your answers to nearest whole percent.)

Feather Friends, Inc., distributes a high-quality wooden birdhouse that sells for $80 per unit. Variable expenses are $40.00 per unit, and fixed expenses total $180,000 per year. Its operating results for last year were as follows:

Required:

Answer each question independently based on the original data:

4-b. Assume the president expects this year's sales to increase by 17%. Using the degree of operating leverage from last year, what percentage increase in net operating income will the company realize this year?

5. The sales manager is convinced that a 14% reduction in the selling price, combined with a $79,000 increase in advertising, would increase this year's unit sales by 25%.

a. If the sales manager is right, what would be this year's net operating income if his ideas are implemented?

b. Do you recommend implementing the sales manager's suggestions?

6. The president does not want to change the selling price. Instead, he wants to increase the sales commission by $1.60 per unit. He thinks that this move, combined with some increase in advertising, would increase this year's sales by 25%. How much could the president increase this year's advertising expense and still earn the same $820,000 net operating income as last year?

Blue Department Store converted from the conventional retail method to the LIFO retail method on January 1, 2020, and is now considering converting to the dollar-value LIFO inventory method. During your examination of the financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2021, management requested that you furnish a summary showing certain computations of inventory cost for the past 3 years.

Here is the available information.

Compute the cost of inventory on hand at December 31, 2019, based on the conventional retail method. (Round ratios for computational purposes to 0 decimal places, e.g. 78% and final answer to 0 decimal places, e.g. 28,987)

Compute the inventory to be reported on December 31, 2019, in accordance with procedures necessary to convert from the conventional retail method to the LIFO retail method beginning January 1, 2020. Assume that the retail value of the December 31, 2019, inventory was $60,900. (Round ratios for computational purposes to 2 decimal places, e.g. 78.72% and final answer to 0 decimal places, e.g. 28,987.)

Without prejudice to your solution to part (b), assume that you computed the December 31, 2019, inventory (retail value $60,900) under the LIFO retail method at a cost of $36,845. Compute the cost of the store’s 2020 and 2021 year-end inventories under the dollar-value LIFO method. (Round ratios for computational purposes to 2 decimal places, e.g. 78.72% and final answer to 0 decimal places, e.g. 28,987.)

1. In divisional income statements prepared for LeFevre Company, the Payroll Department costs are charged back to user divisions on the basis of the number of payroll distributions, and the Purchasing Department costs are charged back on the basis of the number of purchase requisitions. The Payroll Department had expenses of $85,584, and the Purchasing Department had expenses of $25,370 for the year. The following annual data for Residential, Commercial, and Government Contract divisions were obtained from corporate records:

   		Residential		Commercial		Government Contract
   Sales		$530,000		$703,000		$1,614,000
   Number of employees:
   	Weekly payroll (52 weeks per year)	225		80		85
   	Monthly payroll	28		39		26
   Number of purchase
   	requisitions per year	1,800		1,300		1,200

   a. Determine the total amount of payroll checks and purchase requisitions processed per year by the company and each division.

   	Residential	Commercial	Government Contract	Total
   Number of payroll checks:
   Weekly payroll
   Monthly payroll
   Total
   Number of purchase requisitions per year:

   b. Using the activity base information in (a), determine the annual amount of payroll and purchasing costs charged back to the Residential, Commercial, and Government Contract divisions from payroll and purchasing services. If required, round your answers to two decimal places. Do not round your interim calculations, round your answers to two decimal places, if required.

   Service department charge rates:
   Payroll Department	$ payroll distribution
   Purchasing Department	$ per requisition

   	Residential	Commercial	Government Contract	Total
   Service department charges:
   Payroll Department	$	$	$	$
   Purchasing Department
   Total	$	$	$

   c. Residential's service department charge is

   • higher
   • lower
   than the other two divisions because Residential is a
   • heavy
   • light
   user of service department services. Residential has many employees on a weekly payroll, which translates into a
   • larger
   • smaller
   number of check-issuing transactions.

Sullivan's Island Company began operating a subsidiary in a foreign country on January 1, 2017, by investing capital in the amount of 82,000 pounds. The subsidiary immediately borrowed 195,000 pounds on a five-year note with 9 percent interest payable annually beginning on January 1, 2018. The subsidiary then purchased for 277,000 pounds a building that had a 10-year expected life and no salvage value and is to be depreciated using the straight-line method. Also on January 1, 2017, the subsidiary rented the building for three years to a group of local attorneys for 8,550 pounds per month. By year-end, rent payments totaling 85,500 pounds had been received, and 17,100 pounds was in accounts receivable. On October 1, 3,500 pounds was paid for a repair made to the building. The subsidiary transferred a cash dividend of 11,725 pounds back to Sullivan's Island Company on December 31, 2017.

The functional currency for the subsidiary is the pound. Currency exchange rates for 1 pound follow: January 1, 2017 $ 2.00 = 1 Pound October 1, 2017 2.05 = 1 December 31, 2017 2.08 = 1 Average for 2017 2.04 = 1 Prepare an income statement, statement of retained earnings, and balance sheet for this subsidiary in pounds and then translate these amounts into U.S. dollars. Prepare a Statement of Retained earnings. (Amounts to be deducted should be indicated by a minus sign.) SULLIVAN'S ISLAND COMPANY Statement of Retained Earnings For the Year Ended December 31, 2017 Pounds U.S. Dollars Retained earnings, 1/1 Retained earnings, 12/31 0 $0 Prepare a Balance Sheet. (Amounts to be deducted should be indicated by a minus sign.) SULLIVAN'S ISLAND COMPANY Balance Sheet December 31, 2017 Pounds U.S. Dollars Assets: Total assets 0 $0 Liabilities and Equities: Total liabilities and equities 0 $0

Megatronics Corporation, a massive retailer of electronic products, is organized in four separate divisions. The four divisional managers are evaluated at year-end, and bonuses are awarded based on ROI. Last year, the company as a whole produced a 13 percent return on its investment.

During the past week, management of the company’s Northeast Division was approached about the possibility of buying a competitor that had decided to redirect its retail activities. (If the competitor is acquired, it will be acquired at its book value.) The data that follow relate to recent performance of the Northeast Division and the competitor:

Management has determined that in order to upgrade the competitor to Megatronics’ standards, an additional $150,000 of invested capital would be needed.

Required:

1. Compute the current ROI of the Northeast Division and the division’s ROI if the competitor is acquired.

1A. If divisional management is being evaluated on the basis of ROI, will the Northeast Division likely pursue acquisition of the competitor?

1C. Compute the ROI of the competitor as it is now and after the intended upgrade.

1D. If ROI is used as the basis for evaluation, would Megatronics Corporation likely be in favor of the acquisition of the competitor?

1E. Calculate the Northeast Division's ROI after acquisition of competitor but before upgrading.

1F. Assume that Megatronics uses residual income to evaluate performance and desires a 10 percent minimum return on invested capital. Compute the current residual income of the Northeast Division and the division’s residual income if the competitor is acquired.

1G. If divisional management is being evaluated on the basis of residual income, will the Northeast Division likely pursue acquisition of the competitor?

Milano Pizza is a small neighborhood pizzeria that has a small area for in-store dining as well as offering take-out and free home delivery services. The pizzeria’s owner has determined that the shop has two major cost drivers—the number of pizzas sold and the number of deliveries made.

Data concerning the pizzeria’s costs appear below:

In November, the pizzeria budgeted for 2,190 pizzas at an average selling price of $20 per pizza and for 190 deliveries.

Data concerning the pizzeria’s operations in November appear below:

Required:

1. Complete the flexible budget performance report that shows both revenue and spending variances and activity variances for the pizzeria for November. (Indicate the effect of each variance by selecting "F" for favorable, "U" for unfavorable, and "None" for no effect (i.e., zero variance). Input all amounts as positive values.)