How would a behaviorist explain motivation? How would a
cognitivist explain motivation? Here is a more...
How would a behaviorist explain motivation? How would a
cognitivist explain motivation? Here is a more difficult one: how
would a freudian explain motivation?
Solutions
Expert Solution
The behavioristic approach examines how motives are learned and
how internal drives and external goals interact with learning to
produce behaviour.Behaviorists, such as Skinner, define motivation
in terms multiple usage of positive and negative reinforcement, or
as Skinner likes to call it Operant Conditionning. Behaviorists
also believe that motivation is biological. Meaning we are all born
with no motivation whatsoever, and thus, we need these
reinforcements to be able to function or to create motivation.
One area within the study of human motivation that has proved
fruitful is research on incentives. Incentive motivation is
concerned with the way goals influence behaviour. For example, a
person might be willing to travel across the city to dine at a
special restaurant that served a favourite dish.
In his theory, Hull used the term drive to refer to the state
of tension or arousal caused by biological or physiological needs.
Thirst, hunger, and the need for warmth are all examples of drives.
A drive creates an unpleasant state, a tension that needs to be
reduced.In order to reduce this state of tension, humans and
animals seek out ways to fulfill these biological needs.The
reduction of the drive acts as a reinforcement for that behavior.
This reinforcement increases the likelihood that the same behavior
will occur again in the future when the same need arises. In order
to survive in its environment, an organism must behave in ways that
meet these survival needs.
One cognitive approach to motivation give by Vroom, called
expectancy?value theory, stresses that the probability of
occurrence of behavior depends upon individuals' perception of the
value of a goal as well as their expectation of reaching it. People
who expect to succeed at obtaining a goal and to whom the
attainment of the goal is quite important, are more highly
motivated to engage in actions that will ascertain attainment of
the goal.
Another cognitive theory of motivation, the Goal-Setting Theory
was proposed by Edwin Locke. The theory explains that goal setting
has an influence on task performance. Specific and challenging
goals are more likely to motivate a person and lead to a better
execution of tasks, whereas vague and easy goals may result to poor
task performance. In application, therefore, the goals should be
set must be SMART – Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic and
Time-Bound.
Freudian motivation theory posits that unconscious
psychological forces, such as desires and emotions, shape an
individual's behavior. Unconscious motivation plays a prominent
role in Sigmund Freud's theories of human behavior. According to
Freud and his followers, most human behavior is the result of
desires, impulses, and memories that have been repressed into an
unconscious state, yet still influence actions. Freud’s View of
Motivation believed that human behavior is motivated by the id,
ego, and superego.
For example,When companies want to gauge the probability of
success for a new product they will enlist market researchers to
delve into the deep motivations of a group of consumers to
determine what triggers them. They may utilize a number of
techniques to discover such deeper meanings, such as role playing,
picture interpretation, sentence completion or word association,
among others. Such exercises can help researchers learn about how
consumers react to products and how to best market them as a
result.
1. Explain the difference between mastery motivation and
achievement motivation. Explain how this relates to growth or fixed
mindsets and give an example of each.
2. identify and define Marcia's four stages of identity
formation.
There are many different Motivation theories. The ERG
Theory of Motivation is a simplified but more flexible
version of Maslow's hierarchy of Needs.
Please Relate the ERG Theory to the 5 levels of Maslow.
Describe how you can apply any of them to your
organization.
2 Pages
Here is the question of today:
Reliability vs. Validity
How would you explain the difference between reliability and
validity? Which examples would you use to illustrate the
concept?
NCSU: Fan Aptitude Test
Suppose this clip demonstrated a serious aptitude test. What
would the results of a fan aptitude test reveal to us?
Is this a valid test of intelligence? Why or why not?
NFL and the Wonderlic Test
Why do employers give job candidates tests like the
Wonderlic?
How do...
Learning from the Behaviorist
Perspective
A)Define/ explain what
learning is.
b) Explain what behaviorism,
or the behaviorist perspective, is.
c) Classical Conditioning
(C.C.) - Define it.
The Behaviorist Perspective - a.k.a. “Behaviorism” ~
1915
A. Explain the focus of behaviorism.
Make sure you explain
why behaviorists do not study the mind, only
behavior.
B. Behaviorists believe that human behavior is
completely controlled by the environment/ environmental stimuli.
Explain this statement. Can you describe an example to
illustrate?
explain how motivation affects the choice of a
customer who is shopping for a car . explain with examples how
customers of each level in in the hierarchy of needs are going to
make their evaluation and selection of their cars and what do you
think will be buy
Compare and contrast the main principles of classical
conditioning and operant conditioning. How is the Behaviorist
Approach unique compared to other perspectives?