Question

1. Give examples of three important types of chemical reactions that occur in biochemical systems.

2. How is a standard thermodynamic state defined for biochemical systems?

3. Explain what is meant by a term "substrate cycle."

4. What is the critical limitation for formation of carbon-carbon bonds in biochemical systems?

5. Explain why most fatty acids within the body have an even number of carbon atoms.

6. List three vital functions served by amino acids in the body.

Answer 1

1.Examples of three important types of chemical reactions that occur in biochemical systems are:

a).Oxidation and Reduction: The interconversion of an alcohol and and an Aldehyde

b).Additional and removal of water

c).Bond breaking reactions

3. A futile cycle also known as Substrate cycle, occurs when two metabollic pathways run simultaneously in opposite directions and have no overall effect other than to dispate overall energy in the form of heat.

4. Critical limitation for formation of carbon-carbon bonds in biochemical systems is because of bondlength1.54 A and bond energy of high 85 K cal mol^-1.

5.Most fatty acids within the body have an even number of caron atoms because its due to the facts..that their building blocks tend to come into two units. Remember at the start of building the lipd it occur to have three units but 1carbon do disappear and make two which they continue to grow.

6.  Leucine: Leucine is one of three essential amino acids that increase muscle mass and helps muscle recover after exercise. It also regulates blood sugar and supplies the body with energy. These functions make it invaluable when the body is stressed. Leucine is used clinically to help the body heal, and it also affects brain function and can be used in place of glucose in ‘fasting’ states. Isoleucine: isoleucine is important for the regulation of blood sugar. Threonine: this amino acid is needed to create other amino acids that aid the production of collagen. It is also important for antibody production.