Question

1. Examine the meaning of values and attitudes and discuss the socialisation

influences on attitude development and change.

2. Elaborate on the different attributes of motivation (locus of control,

learned helplessness and self-efficacy) and the influences of these attributes

on motivation.

3. Explain the formation of one’s self-esteem and discuss the influences on the development of self-esteem.

4. Illustrate the development of antisocial and prosocial behaviours through various theoretical viewpoints.

5. Describe the development of one’s moral code by examining the influences of its development through various contexts.

7. Examine the meaning of values and attitudes and discuss the socialization influences on attitude development and change.

8. Elaborate on the different attributes of motivation (locus of control, learned helplessness and self-efficacy) and the influences of these attributes on motivation.

9. Explain the formation of one’s self-esteem and discuss the influences on the

development of self-esteem.

10. Illustrate the development of antisocial and prosocial behaviours through various theoretical viewpoints.

11. Describe the development of one’s moral code by examining the influences of its development through various contexts.

10. Discuss the issues of non-parental childcare in the context of the macrosystem,

chronosystem and mesosystem; and their influences on a child’s psychological,

social, and cognitive development.

Answer 1

A value is a measure of the worth or importance a person attached to something, our values are often reflected in the way we live our lives.

Eg I value my freedom and I value my family. An attitude is the way a person expresses or applies thier beliefs and values and is expressed through words and behavior.

In psychology an attitude refers to a set of emotions, beliefs, and behavior towards a perticular object, person, thing or event. Attitude is often the result of experience or upbringing and they can have a powerful influence over brhbehav. While attitudes are enduring they can also change.

Social influence on attitude and attitude change: Every society has the majority of people who prefer to lead a Harmoneous life. They try to avoid unnecessary friction of conflicts with people.

Naturally they are inclined to develop attitudes towards most of the people and issues.

Our attitudes may facilitate and maintain our relationship with members of positivity valued groups. Social roles and social norms can have a strong influence on attitudes.

Q2. Motive is a general term, which refers to any process internal or external involved instigation, direction and termination of behavior. All voluntary responses involve motivation. Motivational process consists of, a drive state in the individual, the behavior aroused and directed by this state and the goals towards which the behavior is directed. Thus Thus motivation is one the determinants of behavior. Motivation is considered to be a state of the individual where his/her energies are mobilized selectively towards the attainment of a goal. Needs are the psychological or environmental I'm balances that give rise to drives. Drives are the effects of the deficits and lack, which define needs. Like need and drive, inventive is a motivational concept, which is associated with drive reductioc components.

For eg: Attractive Ness of a dress material determines one's behavior of purchasing it. But goals or objective do not possess the same incentive value for a person; they ahve low or high incentive values.

Q3. Self esteem develops and form during childhood and adolescence, is part of the maturity of the person, since it is a fundamental indicators in it's development. This can be seen in situations in which a balance has to be maintained.

Through out the life of the person there are moments in which, depending on the level of self esteem shown by the individual, one can become happy or on the contrary, it may be the case of generating disease and complex situation.

All this has much to do with the dedication that has been given to self esteem throughout the life of the person, because it is essential to educate the child so that it develops from a healthy position self esteem.