Question

The Kidneys function as endocrine glands by secreting:

a. Cortisol + Renin

b. Epinephrine + Cortisol

c. Aldosterone + Epinephrine

d. Erythropoietin + Renin

e. Renin + ADH

Answer 1

Endocrine gland Is duct less gland whose secretion directly enters into blood and transported to the required location through blood.

Though major function of kidney is excreation,it acts as endocrine gland bcoz it secretes erythropoietin and renin.

Erythropoietin is secreted by endothelial cells of peritubular capillaries of kidney.The stimulant for this secretion is hypoxia. Erythropoeitin is a glycoprotein ,stimulates the bone marrow and causes erythropoiesis to produce more RBCs.

Renin secreted by granular cells of juxta glimerullar apparatus in kidney. It acts in cordination with other molecules for operation of RAAS _Renin angiotensin aldosterone system,which helps in maintainence of fluid and electrolyte in body and hence blood pressure. When renin released into blood it is carried by alpha2 globulin and converts angiotensinogen into angiotensin1,which is then converted into angiotensin2 by Angiotensin converting enxyme found in lungs.Angiotensin2 activates secretion of aldosterone from cortex of adrenal gland(mineralocorticoid).

Cortisol is a glucocorticoid secreted from adrenal cortex.

Epinephrine is a catecholamine secreted from medulla of adrenal gland.

ADH is secreted from hypothalamus and stored in posterior pituitary and releasrd when needed.

Thus option d is the correct answer.