Question

How does the endocrine system regulate temperature- book example, three glands ?

What does the endocrine system use to communicate, the nervous system?

Which glands make which hormones? Major hormones

What makes up the central nervous system?

What makes up the peripheral nervous system?

Lobes of the brain-

Explain how a spinal reflex works?

Meiosis- gametogenesis – biogenesis, and spermatogenesis?

Changes that can occur to the structure of a chromosome?

The organs of the male reproductive system?

The organs of the female reproductive system?

The connection between the urinary system or lack of connection between the urinary system and reproductive system for a male or female?

The functions of the male and female reproductive system?

What is cleavage?

How many chromosomes in a sperm cell, egg cell, zygote, normal human cell?

The primary germ layers?

Zygote, morula, blastula – appearance ?

Difference between dominant and recessive alleles, heterozygous, homozygous dominant.

homozygous recessive ?

Genotype, phenotype?

Punnett square example ?

Answer 1

ANS-

GENOTYPE	PHENOTYPE
These are the genetic code or genetic makeup that is responsible for the physical appearance(phenotype) of a person.	These are the physical expression or characteristics of a person occurs due to the genetic code(a gene that codes for it).
Genotype is not visible to other individuals in a person because it occurs inside the cell.	Phenotype is visible to other individuals in a person because these are the physical appearance that how a person looks like.
EXAMPLE-In mendelian characteristics of pea plant TT are the alleles for the gene(genotype) that is responsible for the dominant characteristic of Tall pant. So basically it is a cause (genotype) due to which result (phenotype) occurs.	EXAMPLE-A person having brown hair color due to the inherited genes responsible for it. It is the result(phenotype) that occurs due to cause (genotype).

ANS- Cleavage--It is the process through which fertilized zygote divides into a very fast manner and resulting in the formation of multiple cells, without getting increased in size so the cell cluster is having similar size as the parental(original ) zygote cell have.

ANS-Homozygous recessive---->It is the phenomena in which the homologous chromosome is having the same recessive alleles for a particular gene. example- tt is a homozygous recessive allele responsible for dwarf height in plants.

• DD is a homozygous dominant allele responsible for tall characteristic in the plant, Dt is heterozygous allele (2 different alleles possed by homologous chromosome ) responsible for tall height in the plant due to presence of D dominant allele which masked the effect of t excessive allele.

ANS- Primary germ layers--->These are the3 layers of cells generated at the time of embryonic development.named as endoderm, ectoderm, and mesoderm.

• The function of primary germ layer is to contribute in organs and tissue development of the embryo

1. Endoderm(Inner cells)- It is then responsible for forming the inner lining of organs in embryo.
2. Mesoderm(middle cells)- It is responsible for forming organs in embryo.
3. Ectoderm(outer cells)-It is responsible for forming exoskeleton in embryo.