Question

MUSCLES OF THE LOWER LIMB

With the models available in lab, identify to the best of your ability the indicated structures. Focus on their origin and insertion when examining the muscles to help you better identify their action.

Superficial Gluteal Muscles:

• Gluteus Maximus • Gluteus Medius

• Iliotibial Band/Tract • Fascia Lata

• Gluteus Minimus

1. Which muscles medially rotate the hip?

2. Which muscle is the main hip extensor?

3. How do Gluteus Medius & Minimus function in gait? A weak right Gluteus Medius &

Minimus would result in what?

Deep Gluteal Muscles:

• Piriformis • Superior Gemellus

• Inferior Gemellus • Quadratus Femoris

  1. Which of these muscles is the most superior? Inferior?

  2. What is the main function of all these muscles?

  Anterior Hip Muscles:

• Iliacus • Psoas Major
1. These muscles are the agonist for which action of the hip?

• Obturator Internus

Anterior Thigh Muscles:

• Sartorius •

• Vastus Lateralis •

• Quadriceps Tendon •

Tensor Fascia Latae Vastus Intermedius Patellar Tendon

• Rectus Femoris

• Vastus Medialis

1. Which muscles are collectively known as Quadriceps Femoris?

2. What is the common insertion of the Quadriceps muscles?

3. How would you stretch the Rectus Femoris muscle? Is this different from stretching the other quadriceps muscle? Why?

4. Palpate the patellar tendon and feel it insert onto the tibial tuberosity.

Medial Thigh Muscles:

• Gracilis • Adductor Magnus • Adductor Longus

• Adductor Brevis • Pectineus

  1. All but 1 of these muscles inserts on which bone?

  2. Which of these muscles is deepest (i.e. most posterior from an anterior view)?

  3. Which adductor muscle contributes to the boundaries of the femoral triangle?

  Posterior Thigh Muscles:

• Biceps Femoris • Semitendinosus • Semimembranosus

1. What are all the muscles that insert on the Pes Anserinus?

2. Which Hamstring muscles insert on the medial vs. lateral side of the tibia?

3. Is Semimembranosus or Semitendinosus more superficial?

4. What is the common origin of the Hamstring muscles?

5. A biarticulate muscle is one that crosses and acts on 2 joints. List all the biarticulate

muscles of the thigh.

Anterior Leg Muscles:

• Tibialis Anterior • Extensor Digitorum Longus

1. Do all of these muscles dorsiflex the ankle?

Lateral Leg Muscles:

• Fibularis Longus • Fibularis Brevis

• Extensor Hallucis Longus

1. Which of these muscles is more superficial relative to the fibula?

2. Which muscle inserts on the lateral side of the foot? Medial side?

3. What are the 2 actions these muscles can perform?

Posterior Leg Muscles:

• Gastrocnemius

• Popliteus

• Flexor Hallucis Longus

• Plantaris
• Tibialis Posterior

• Soleus
• Flexor Digitorum Longus

1. Which muscles join together to form the Achilles/calcaneal tendon?

2. Which of these muscles only act on the knee?

3. What is the order of the tendons from anterior to posterior as they pass posterior to

   the medial malleolus?

4. What is the order of the muscle bellies of Tibialis Posterior, FDL, & FHL from medial

to lateral in the posterior leg?

Foot Muscles:

• Extensor Digitorum Brevis

• Abductor Hallucis

• Quadratus Plantae

• Flexor Digiti Minimi

• Extensor Hallucis Brevis

• Flexor Digitorum Brevis

• Adductor Hallucis

• Dorsal Interossei

• Plantar Aponeurosis
• Abductor Digiti Minimi • Flexor Hallucis Brevis • Plantar Interossei

1. Which muscles are found in Layer 3 of the foot? Layer 2?

2. What is unique about Quadratus Plantae?

PLEASE ANSWR ALL OF THE ABOVE. THANKS

Answer 1

please find answer as below.

· Which muscles medially rotate the hip?

Answer : Gluteus Medius , Fascia Lata and Gluteus Minimus

· Which muscle is the main hip extensor?

Answer: Gluteus Maximus

· How do Gluteus Medius & Minimus function in gait? A weak right Gluteus Medius &Minimus would result in what?

            Answer: Gluteus Medius &Minimus has major role in gait cycle through stabilization of hip joint. Gluteus Medius and minimus helps in abduction and internal rotation of hip, thereby it stabilizes hip and pelvis when opposite leg is raised from ground. Weakness of these muscle causes pelvic tilt or Trendelenburg gait.

· Which of these muscles is the most superior? Inferior?

Answer: Piriformis is more superior and most inferior is Quadratus Femoris

· What is the main function of all these muscles?

Answer : the main function of all these muscles is lateral rotation of hip along with stabilization of hip.

· These muscles are the agonist for which action of the hip

Answer: Anterior hip muscles

· Which muscles are collectively known as Quadriceps Femoris?

Answer : Vastus Medialis , Vastus Lateralis , Intermedius , Rectus Femoris

· What is the common insertion of the Quadriceps muscles?

Answer : Patellar Tendon

· How would you stretch the Rectus Femoris muscle? Is this different from stretching the other quadriceps muscle? Why?

Answer : rectus femoris is the only quadriceps muscle which act on both hipjoint and knee joint . it flexes the hip joint and extends the knee joint therefore stretching of this muscle is different and could be done with hip positioned in extension so that muscle will be streached properly

· Palpate the patellar tendon and feel it insert onto the tibial tuberosity.

Answer : yes

· All but 1 of these muscles inserts on which bone?

Answer : Gracilis

· Which of these muscles is deepest (i.e. most posterior from an anterior view)?

Answer : Adductor Magnus

· Which adductor muscle contributes to the boundaries of the femoral triangle?

Answer : Adductor Longus

· What are all the muscles that insert on the Pes Anserinus?

Answer : Semitendinosus

· Which Hamstring muscles insert on the medial vs. lateral side of the tibia?

Answer : Semitendinosus and Semimembranosus inserts on the medial surface of tibia . long head of Biceps Femoris insert on lateral side of tibia

· Is Semimembranosus or Semitendinosus more superficial?

Answer : Semitendinosus

· What is the common origin of the Hamstring muscles?

Answer : Ischial tuberosity and linea aspera

· A biarticulate muscle is one that crosses and acts on 2 joints. List all the biarticulate muscles of the thigh.

           Answer : Rectus femoris , semimembranosus

· Do all of these muscles dorsiflex the ankle?

Answer : yes Tibialis Anterior and Extensor Digitorum Longus dorsifelx the ankle

· Which of these muscles is more superficial relative to the fibula?

Answer : Fibularis Longus

· Which muscle inserts on the lateral side of the foot? Medial side?

Answer : on the laterial side foot fibularis bravis ,extensor digitorum longus inserts . On mdial side of foot febularis longus inserts

· What are the 2 actions these muscles can perform?

Answer : Eversion and plantarflexion

· Which muscles join together to form the Achilles/calcaneal tendon?

Answer : Gastrocnemius , Soleus

· Which of these muscles only act on the knee?

Answer : Popliteus ,

· What is the order of the tendons from anterior to posterior as they pass posterior tothe medial malleolus?

Answer : Tibialis Posterior, Flexor Digitorum Longus, • Flexor Hallucis Longus

· What is the order of the muscle bellies of Tibialis Posterior, FDL, & FHL from medial to lateral in the posterior leg?

Answer : anterior to posterior

· Which muscles are found in Layer 3 of the foot? Layer 2?

Answer : Extensor Hallucis Brevis, Adductor Hallucis, Flexor Digiti Minimi are muscles of 3rd layer of foot.

Quadratus Plantae, lumbricals are layer 2 muscles

· What is unique about Quadratus Plantae?

Answer : This muscle help in walking by shortening flexor digitorum longus .