Describe, in detail, how to make 1 liter of LB + Kan (100 μg/ml final concentration) + Amp (50 μg /ml final concentration) liquid media. [Include things like how many grams of each component that you use, how much antibiotic (in ml) to add (stock solutions – 100 mg/ml ampicillin, 25 mg/ml kanamycin), and in what type of container you perform the sterilization step.] Show your calculations.
In: Biology
Question:
DNA polymerase III is the main DNA-synthesizing enzyme in bacteria. Describe how it carries out its role of elongating a strand of DNA.
Answer:
DNA pol III determines which free nucleotide triphosphate is complementary to the base being copied. DNA pol III catalyzes phosphodiester bond formation between the alpha phosphate of the incoming nucleotide triphosphate and the 3’ hydroxyl group of the last nucleotide added to the strand.
Can someone please explain this step by step in a dumbed down version? Thank you!
In: Biology
How would a monoclonal antibody to a viral protein be prepared?
In: Biology
In: Biology
Clinical Cancer Case Study 1
Nancy is a 53-year-old female. Nancy spends every day at her local YMCA teaching a Zumba class and is very active in her community. For the last month, she has been bothered by persistent pelvic pain and intermittent vaginal bleeding even though she started menopause last February. She mentioned this to her daughter during a lunch date and because of her daughters urging, Nancy has made an appointment to see her primary care physician.
The doctor performs a pelvic exam and orders a CBC with CA 125 screening, a pelvic ultrasound and a biopsy.
Her CBC was normal but her CA 125 levels were 75 kU/L.
A pelvic mass was identified by pelvic ultrasound and the biopsy indicated the presence of adenocarcinoma cells within the endometrium.
Due to these results, a CT scan and a radical hysterectomy which will remove the uterus, tissue on the sides of the uterus, the cervix and the top region of the vagina, was scheduled for Nancy.
The surgeon sent the tumor to be genetically profiled. The following gene mutations were found in the tumor.
PTEN
TP53
ZFHX3
FGFR2
SOX17
ANK3
CTNNB1
PIK3R1
CCND1
You are the genetic counselor who just received the genetic profile of Nancy’s tumor. It is your job to completely understand how the cells in this tumor have changed and how this affects their function and potential to metastasize throughout the body.
Answer the following questions to complete the report which will help Nancy understand her specific tumor type and which treatments will work best for her.
1. What type of cancer do you conclude that Nancy has? What signs, symptoms and results led to this conclusion?
2. With the online genomic tools we have been using in class, determine the following about the tumor’s genomic profile. For each mutated gene describe in complete sentences:
A. Full name of gene
B. Cellular localization of genomic product (nuclear, cytoplasmic, mitochondrial etc.)
C. Detailed description of function of genomic product within a normal cell (ex. If part of a pathway, describe the pathway components and where this gene product fits in the pathway and its role in the pathway)
D. Detailed description of what type of mutations have been found for each gene within this tumor and possible ways this may affect or change cellular function. Use the resource Cosmic Genomes Catalogue of Somatic Mutations from a Human Cancer Genome
E. Role this gene plays in tumor phenotype and metastatic potential.
F. Frequency this gene is mutated in this type of cancer.
3. From the information you have compiled about the genomic profile of the tumor, write a summary for the patient about the likelihood of this tumor to become fully metastatic and spread to other parts of the body.
Question:
I'm having a hard time with the second part of this Assignment. I've tried using NCBI blast for it but i'm not sure if i'm supposed to do it that way? If so why am i getting a pop-up that "No significant similarity was found?" Also for Question 3,what exactly should i be comparing?
In: Biology
In: Biology
What are some of the ways the immune system prevents tumors from developing?
In: Biology
Please answer those questions
1. Name three forces or processes that constrain trait values.
2. If a trait does not impart function, it may be lost or become
vestigial through time. Why?
3.. Stress tolerance can range from broad to narrow. Without considering environmental variability, what type of stress tolerance yields higher fitness for an organism?
4.Distinguish between fine- and coarse-grained environments.
In: Biology
Briefly describe the composition of telomerase.
In: Biology
Pick all the product(s) of photosynthesis which are used in cellular respiration:
ATP
carbon dioxide (CO2)
Water
glucose
oxygen gas (O2)
In: Biology
What are some possible mutations in a gene that have fully processed mRNA which is transported out of the nucleus but no protein is made during this process.
In: Biology
A 25 year old woman who was being treated for breast cancer went to her doctor complaining of a sore mouth and difficulty swallowing. The doctor examines her mouth and found white patches on the inside as well as on her tongue. The white patches looked like cottage cheese or milk curds.
The doctor was able to make his diagnosis based on the physical examination, but decided to take a culture and send it to the clinical laboratory for definitive identification.
The Laboratory made a wet mount of the sample and observed clusters of budding yeast cells, and pseudohyphae. Pseudohypahe are a series of buds remaining attached to the print cell and appearing as filamentous hypha. The laboratory was able to make a presumptive identification of the type of yeast so the doctor could start treatment. The doctor prescribed a topical imidazole treatment. The Patient noticed improvement after two weeks.
ANSWER 1-6
In: Biology
1. explain the structural principles behind the gram stain.
2. what can you learn by conducting a gram stain ?
In: Biology
Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is an enzyme that converts tyrosine to L-Dopa. In your lab, you genetically engineer a mouse that can't make TH. What neurotransmitter system(s) would be affected?
a. serotonin b. dopamine c. norepinephrine d. all of the above e. (b) and (c) only
In: Biology
In worms, the genes for the production of the enzyme Aldolase and the enzyme Hyclase are on the same chromosome. A = dominant, can produce Aldolase; a = recessive, cannot produce Aldolase. H = dominant, can produce Hyclase; h = recessive, cannot produce Hyclase.
You cross an AaHh worm with an aahh worm and get the following progeny:
16 Wild type
76 Do not produce Aldolase
82 Do not produce Hyclase
12 Produce neither Aldolase nor Hyclase
A) (3 pts) What is the haplotype for the AaHh parental worm? Explain your answer
B) (3 pts) What is the haplotype of the 16 wild type worms in the F1 generation? Explain your answer
C) (6 pts) What is the map distance between the aldolase and hyclase genes? Explain your work.
In: Biology