Explain the different ways in which the Presocratics wrestled with and attempted to explain the problem of change (that is to say, the question of how change is possible at all).

1. Two approaches for correcting single-gene defects are gene therapy such as is discussed in Section 3-5D and the CRISPR–Cas9 system. Explain why the CRISPR–Cas9 approach can potentially provide more complete restoration of normal tissue function than gene therapy.

2. A certain mutant DNA polymerase is error-prone, tending to incor-porate C opposite a template A. When such a DNA polymerase repli-cates a segment of DNA containing an A · T base pair, what will be the DNA composition in the daughter cells after (a) one and (b) two rounds of cell division? Assume that DNA repair does not occur.

3. Explain why mutations are more likely to occur on the lagging strand than on the leading strand in eukaryotes.

Discuss the consequences of bioterrorism on a community.

1. E. coli DNA polymerase V has the ability to bypass thymine dimers. However, Pol V tends to incorporate G rather than A opposite the dam-aged T bases. Would you expect Pol V to be more or less processive than Pol III? Explain.

2. Explain why base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, and mismatch repair—which all require nucleases to excise damaged DNA—require DNA ligase.

3. Why are there no Pol I mutants that completely lack 5′ → 3′ exo-nuclease activity?

Discuss ethical issues affecting communicable disease and infection control.

This question DOES NOT require a book. (DOES NOT REQUIRE ONE, it is an option)

Make a character table that has mammalia, Reptilia, Amphibia, Lobe-fined fish, Ray Finned fish, Chondrichthyes, jawless fish and lancelets as the organisms (you may choose a specific organism within each grouping as an example.) Be sure there is at least ONE derived character between each group. Make sure you identify your basal taxon.

1. Understand where CO2, H2O, O2, CH2O (sugar), light, NADP+, ADP+Pi, NADPH, and ATP figure into Light Reactions and the Calvin Cycle.

2. What is an absorbance spectra? an action spectra?

3. Be able to describe how a photosystem harvests light energy from photons.

4. Compare and contrast ETC and chemiosmosis in the chloroplast vs. the mitochondria.

5. What are the inputs to the Calvin Cycle of CO2, RuBP, ATP, and NADPH per G3P molecule? What are rubisco and RuBP?

PLEASE ANSWER ALL :)

Complete the following table.

How do poverty, oppression and chronic stress affect diabetes susceptibility? Why do you think so much money and attention goes towards genetic research rather than towards improving social conditions?

An E. Coli strain has the following lac genotype: Lacl+ lacP+ lacOc lacZ- / lacl- lacP+ lacO + lacZ + If lactose is PRESENT, what would the level of Beta-galactose be?

1- High

2- Low

1. The two molecules shown are: A. Epimers B. Identical molecules just drawn differently C. Anomers D. Oligomers C. Enantiomers

2. Sphingomyelins contain more saturated fatty acid tails than glycerophospholipids. A. True B. False 3. What 2 sugars comprise maltose? What kind of bond links the 2 sugars? (open answer) 4. Which of the polysaccharides in the attached figure represents the protective exterior of insects, crabs, etc.?

Inside an angiosperm seed, the embryonic form of the shoot is called the __.

Which of the following are fundamental properties of life: 1) unique macromolecular organization that obeys all of the fundamental laws of chemistry; 2) use of DNA for the storage of genetic information and the eventual production of proteins to allow for organismal development and function; 3) the presence of a hierarchical organization that involves the use of lower levels to build higher levels; 4) spontaneous generation under conditions found in the current biosphere; 5) the interaction with the environment for the acquisition of building blocks and the elimination of wastes; 6) precise cellular movements during development that arise from outside of the system itself.

1. None of them are
2. One of them is
3. Three of them are
4. Four of them are
5. All of them are

Regarding biotechnology/biomanufacturing/cGMPs/FDA, How is the approval process for drugs and biologics different?