how to write an abstract of Microarray methods?

1. Why doesn't raw meat release liquid when sliced?

2. Why does cooked meat release liquid when sliced?

3. How does resting meat affect its tenderness? Why?

4. How does meat that is sliced immediately after cooking differ from meat that is allowed to rest for 40 minutes? What explains this difference? Which of these meats would be more tender? Why?

P.S. Please answer atleast 2 questions.

1. Explain the basic phases of the cell cycle and main checkpoints.

2. Understand how cycle time range varies in different cell types with specific examples.

3, Explain START in yeast and the restriction point in animal cells. Do these points of the cell cycle make sense?

4, Why are cyclins so important? Explain cyclins and cyclin-dependent protein kinases.

1. The mixed culture in an experiment was prepared by mixing overnight E. coli and S. aureus cultures in the ratio 2:8. However, there seemed to be more E. coli growth on the resulting streak plate than S. aureus growth. Explain this.  

2. It was observed that some colonies of the same bacterial species appeared in different sizes on the streak plates. Give the possible reason for this.

3. Is it better to prepare pure culture in broth or on agar plate? Explain.                  

Bacteria, Archaea, Chloroplasts, and Mitochondria reproduce by binary fission. Explain why. (paragraph)?

1.Draw and label two cells at anaphase of mitosis and anaphase I of meiosis in a species having 2n = 4 chromosomes (one homologous pair of metacentric chromosomes and a pair of acrocentric chromosomes).

2.Sketch the cell cycle

What are some examples of cell survival signals?

What are some examples of cell death signals?

Stem cells Cloning: read therapeutic (SCNT) vs. reproductive cloning

iPs cells

1/ Could you think of a way to change the parameters in the life table, so that λ will never stabilize to a certain value? (Hint: a simple way to do so involves changing the values of mx).

2/ Among all the assumptions for the exponential growth model, which no longer hold true for the age-structured model?

In a cross of two flies +/vg Cy/+ +/se +/ab X +/vg +/+ se/se +/ab what proportion of the offspring will be mutant in phenotype for all four markers?

ANSWER: 1/64

Please explain the process

How do Cells Attach to the ECM?

Integrins: Apoptosis: What are triggers? What does this cause in cell? What is importance of location of PS (phosphatidyl serine) in cell membrane? Caspases (role and examples of targets in cell) Apoptosome (look at role of cytochrome c)

Many antibiotics work via selective toxicity. Explain how each of the following antibiotics is toxic to bacterial pathogens, but not* human cells. A) β-lactam drugs (such as penicillin, ampicillin, etc.) B) Sulfa drugs C) Tetracyclines

Henrietta lacks

After the fusion of the viral and endosomal membranes, the negative-stranded genome segments of influenza virus are released into the cytoplasm. Describe what happens to genome segments 4, 5 and 7 during the viral replication cycle (see slides 21 and 28 of lecture 32 Powerpoint presentation). You descriptions should include:

• Where they are localized
• How the gene products they encode are expressed, including all viral and cellular proteins that are involved
• How each of the gene products encoded by each segment are trafficked through the infected cell, including each of the cellular compartments involved in the trafficking
• Where each of the gene products end up in the progeny virions

Provide a separate description for each of the genome segments (even though some of the steps are the same for each). Your descriptions should be concise but should include all relevant details.

Genome segment 4:

Genome segment 5:

Genome segment 7