1. Sex determination in Mammals. You have identified a gene that you have named “mont1” (for ‘make ovaries not testes’) that is expressed at the time when the bipotential gonad becomes specified to become an ovary. Because of this “show it” evidence that mont1 is expressed in the right place at the right time, you hypothesize that mont1 is a critical regulator of the female primary sex determination pathway to specify ovary development.
   1. From what you know about the primary sex determination pathway for ovary development, what signaling pathway would you predict may activate mont1 expression?
   2. What “lose it” experiment could you do to determine if mont1 is necessary for ovary development. Briefly describe the expected result. (As in … I would do X experiment and expect to see Y result if mont1 is necessary for ovary development).
   3. What “move it” experiment could you do to determine if mont1 is sufficient for ovary development. Briefly describe the expected result. (As in … I would do X experiment and expect to see Y result if mont1 is sufficient for ovary development).

2. Various enteric bacteria, especially E. coli, are the cause of most urinary tract infections in humans. A quick test for the presence of these bacteria in urine is to detect nitrite in the urine. Why?

Whales communicate with one another using sound. What are the benefits of using sound to communicate underwater? What are the costs?

You want to use Cre/loxP system for targeted gene expression instead of knock-out. Briefly describe how this can be accomplished. (3-4 sentences)

1.

A diploid yeast cell (2n = 32) undergoes meiosis. What will be the resulting products?

Group of answer choices

Two diploid cells with 32 chromosomes each

Four diploid cells with 32 chromosomes each

Two haploid cells with 16 chromosomes each

Four haploid cells with 16 chromosomes each

2.

In humans, sex determination involves what mechanism?

Group of answer choices

An X-chromosome mechanism

A Y-chromosome mechanism

An autosomal genic mechanism

It is currently unknown the mechanism that determine biological sex in human

One the main differences between innate and adaptive defenses is that__________.

A) innate defense does not produce memory cells and adaptive defense produces memory cells

B) innate defense is triggered by antigens and adaptive defense responds to changes in the environment

C) innate defense is capable of generating memory cells and adaptive is not

D) innate defense produces antibodies and adaptive defense produces cytokines

1. the number of new virions released from each bacterium host cell represent the _______.

2. "phage" attacks and multiple in __________.

Briefly summarize the processes of mitosis and meiosis indicating where the similarities lie and in which aspects they differ. Explain what is meant by the term ‘linked genes’ with respect to homologous recombination. Identify the different types of chromosomal abnormalities that can lead to disease (e.g. insertions) and in a sentence or two, describe a disorder associated with one of these aberrations. Please use your own words, thanks

describe how anatomy and physiology can be used for many different applications.

Steve independently transformed lentil with either the pea Rms3 or the Rms4 genes, both of which are candidates for increasing lentil leaf size. Describe how he should first test his transgenic lines and then how he should intercross and select for plants that were homozygous for both Rms3 and Rms4.

describe the metabolic process of the bacteria that is used during cheese making, indicating the type of respiration that is happening during the process and the chemical reactions necessary for the formation of lactic acid in great detail. Please use your own words, thanks

briefly describe (one or two paragraphs) the process of somatic cell nuclear transfer and how it is used to create cloned cells.

Explain what you consider to be the positive and negative aspects of cloning both scientifically and morally, giving at least three ‘for’ and three ‘against’ points – Discuss whether you think it is a good use of science and will benefit mankind or whether you believe it is unethical and should no longer be pursued? Please use your own words

Keeping in mind the relationship between structure and function, discuss the potential uses of artificial cells and/or cell like materials and whether you consider them to be a good substitute for the natural versions.

You will need to search the internet for your own examples, please cite sources.

How and where do many DNA viruses such as SV40 replicate in the host cell?