Describe the relationship of yeast and humans?

Reverse Transcriptase (RTase) is an enzyme found in HIV. What is the function of this enzyme in HIV’s life-cycle? What are some uses of RTase for human applications?

How can you tell when you have adequately species diversity? Explain your answer.

What is the unusual about fungal mating strategies -- what unique type of ploidy do they have?

Explain five pieces of evidence that supports the gradualistic mode of an evulotionary trend?

Explain five pieces of evidence that supports the punctuational mode of an evolutionary trend?

1) List 5 adaptations that allow plants to live in relatively dry conditions. What is the order in which these evolved?

2) List two of the earliest adaptations plants developed to live on dry land. Why were these first adaptations, coming before vascular tissue, roots, or leaves?

What if the gene encoding DNA polymerase I was mutated in a way that the enzyme is non-functional?

Would it affect the synthesis of the leading strand?

How about the lagging strand?

What is the event that marks the transition from haploid to the diploid stage of the life cycle and what event marks the transition back to the haploid stage again. Describe the timing of these two cellular even in life cycles that are dominated by haploid cells, dominated by diploid cells or that have alternation of generations.

How would do the following question given the intracellular and extracellular recordings of voltage? Calculate the length constant for this axon using the equation for passive electronic decay of a signal: Vx=Vo e^-x/lambda , where x=1 node.

Section 28:3

1. What are the four major classes of flatworms? How do they differ in terms of their lifestyle? Give an example of each.

2. Describe the life cycle of a tapeworm. (Also see Fig. 28.16).

3. Describe the defining characteristics of rotifers. Describe them in terms of the coelom.

4. Describe the digestive system and reproductive processes of rotifers.

48. Provide evidence that amphibians are both terrestrial and aquatic animals. (4)

49. Which structure was most important in allowing reptiles to break completely free of water in comparison to amphibians?

a. better adapted eyes

b. an amniotic egg

c. four chambered heart

d. claws

50. Which of the following groups of vertebrates are endothermic (circle all that apply).

a. ‘classic’ reptiles (snakes, turtles, alligators)

b. birds

c. mammals

d. amphibians

e. fish

51. What is an advantage of being endothermic? (2)

52. What is a disadvantage of being endothermic? (2)

53. A group of mammals that lays eggs and do not have nipples, babies suck milk from the hairs on their mother’s chest.

a. monotremes

b. marsupials

c. eutherians

54. A group of mammals that have a placenta that provides oxygen and nutrients to embryos in the uterus.

a. monotremes

b. marsupials

c. eutherians

55. A group of mammals that give birth after a short period of development. Females have a pouch where the young complete development.

a. monotremes

b. marsupials

c. eutherians

56. You are an evolutionary biologist studying human lineages. While digging at your current site, a mostly intact skull of a possible human ancestor is unearthed. After analysis in the lab, it is determined that the brain capacity of the organism was 800 cm³. Which genus would you place this organism in?

a. Australopithecus

b. Paranthropus

c. Homo

57. Complete the following classification for humans. (9 points)

Domain ______________________________________________________________________

Kingdom _____________________________________________________________________

Phylum _______________________________________________________________________

Subphylum ___________________________________________________________________

Class __________________________________________________________________________

Order _________________________________________________________________________

Family ________________________________________________________________________

Genus _________________________________________________________________________

Species ________________________________________________________________________

In some plants a red pigment is synthesized from a colorless precursor by a single enzyme coded for by gene A. The red pigment can be changed into a purple pigment by another enzyme coded for by gene B. A cross between pure-breeding purple plants and white plants with the resulting F₂:

94 purple

31 red

43 white

A.Give a concise genetic hypothesis for inheritance of flower color from these results (include number of genes, number of alleles, and the relations between genes and alleles).

B.Using symbols A and B to correspond to genes A and B as described above symbolize the genotypes and their ratios for each F₂ phenotypic class.

C.If the F₁ is used in a testcross, what phenotypic ratio would you expect in the progeny?

6. A bacterium does not want to waste energy synthesizing the amino acid arginine if arginine is present in its diet. Therefore, when arginine is present, it activates a repressor protein to prevent transcription of genes that code for enzyme to make arginine. This is an example of what type of regulation? Please describe the mechanism of this regulation.

7. Prokaryotic genetic information transferring processusually acts as target of antibiotics. We observed a new compound with antibiotic action, and we have already proved this compound do not affect the bacterial replication process. Based on your knowledge about gene information transmission (DNA replication, transcription and translation), please assume the possible mechanism(s). Please use your knowledge to make an experiment to prove your assuming?

8. The initiation of transcription in eukaryotes is a key pointof gene expression regulation. The interaction between biological macromolecules (protein-protein, protein-nucleotide) is very important in the expression regulation of eukaryotic genes. Can you give two examples of regulatory mechanisms related to transcription initiation? Describe the structural features of the molecules.

Choose one or two of this questions to which you are the most certain. thanks!!!