different between MHC class 1 and MHC class 2 (Table)
In: Biology
In: Biology
How does allosteric modulation regulate glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and glycogen levels?
In: Biology
There are two types of genetic drift. Describe and give an example of both the bottle neck effect and the founder effect.
Your assignment should be 250-500 words in length.
In: Biology
1. What is activation energy?
| A. The energy used by the active site to split a substrate. |
| B. The energy released when a substrate binds to an active site. |
| C. The energy required to start a metabolic reaction. |
| D. The energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius. |
2. Which statement defines your body's metabolic rate?
| A. The speed at which chemical reactions occur when you are resting but awake |
| B. The number of Calories needed to keep your weight stable |
| C. All of the chemical reactions in your body |
| D. A measure of your body’s energy use |
3. Which statement about enzymes is true?
| A. One enzyme can catalyze many different types of reactions for a variety of substrates. |
| B. The shape of an enzyme determines its specificity. |
| C. Enzymes eliminate the activation energy barrier. |
| D. An enzyme molecule is permanently changed by the substrate molecule. |
4. Which reaction occurs during glycolysis?
| A. Glucose is converted into carbon dioxide. |
| B. Glucose is converted into water. |
| C. Glucose is converted into ATP. |
| D. Glucose is converted into pyruvic acid. |
In: Biology
Sensory systems allow us to perceive different types of stimuli in the environment. Compare similarities and differences of sensory transduction processes in the visual, hearing, vestibular and somatosensory systems. Discuss common causes, molecular mechanisms of sensory transduction dysfunction and potential treatment approaches for correcting sensory transduction in the aforementioned sensory systems
In: Biology
In: Biology
Discuss the main pathways underlying the bi-directional cross-talk between the gastrointestinal system and the brain. How is this cross-talk regulated by multiple signals including glucose, metabolic hormones and microbiota under the physiological condition? How can these pathways be targeted to develop potential treatments for some neurological disorders?
In: Biology
In: Biology
|
Amniocentesis Phenylketonuria Turner's syndrome Pleiotropy Sex cells |
Hemophilia separate Sickle cell anemia Protein Huntington's disease |
Genetic markers Chorionic villi sampling Meiosis Down's syndrome Klinefelter's syndrome |
fill in the blank
1. Nondisjunction happens when chromosomes do not _________ equally during the process of _______. This causes an extra chromosome or missing chromosome in the resulting _________. When a sex cell with an extra or missing a chromosome joins with a 'normal' sex cell - a zygote with either an extra chromosome or a missing chromosome is produced. Many times this will cause a miscarriage, but some conditions can develop because of nondisjunction. ________
is the result of an extra #21 chromosome and can cause some health problems and developmental delays.
XXX is called triple X and is usually nonsymptomatic. XXY is _______ and this person would be a male with some secondary female characteristics.
XO is ______________and is a female that may remain small and have little secondary sexual development.
2. __________is autosomal recessive - a recessive allele is received from each parent. In this disorder, stress causes the red blood cells to 'sickle' causing numerous problems in the body. Fatigue, anemia, enlarged spleen, arthritis, problems in several organs/systems. Sickle cell anemia is a good example of the inheritance pattern called __________.
___________(PKU) is autosomal recessive - must receive recessive allele from both parents. PKU can cause brain damage and learning disabilities if not treated with a special diet low in _________.
________. is autosomal dominant. Any person that has this disease will have a parent that has had it as well. It is a progressive degenerative disease.The previous diseases are equally common in males and females.
________ is sex-linked recessive (it is on the X chromosome) and is more common in boys than girls. It is a bleeding disorder caused by the inability of the blood to clot properly.
3. There are two tests that can be used to identify a number of genetic disorders that can be identified by chromosomal numbers or abnormalities. ___________ can also be tested for to locate specific faulty genes, and the amniotic fluid can be analyzed to look for metabolic problems.
_________ is the test that has been available longer and has a lower risk of miscarriage. A long needle is inserted into the woman's uterus and some fluid is withdrawn. This test can be done during a window of time after the 15th week.
________ is very similar although it can be less invasive, if the needle is inserted through the v a g i n a rather than the uterine wall. CVS does have a higher risk of miscarriage, but it can be done much earlier - between the 10th and 12th week.
In: Biology
How would I work the following problems out? I would like someone to show their work so I could better understand the answers and thought process.
Genetics Problems
For the first couple of problems, you will be working with guinea pigs. Their coat color shows an example of complete dominance - black (B) is dominant over brown (b).
1. A heterozygous black male is crossed with a heterozygous black female. What would be the resulting phenotypic ratio in the offspring?
2. A heterozygous black male is crossed with a brown female. (A) What would be the resulting phenotypic ratio in the offspring? (B) What would be the probability of getting a black offspring?
For the next two problems, you will be working with snapdragons. Flower color in snapdragons shows incomplete dominance.
RR = Red
R'R' = White
RR' = Pink
3. A red flowered plant is crossed with a white flowered plant. What phenotype(s) would the offspring show?
4. A pink flowered plant is crossed with another pink flowered plant. (A) What would be the resulting phenotypic ratio? (B) What would be the probability of getting a pink flowered offspring?
The next genetic problems deal with blood type.
5. - 6. Give the possible genotypes for each of these blood types (these do not require crosses - just write the possible genotypes for each phenotype):
Type A
Type B
Type AB
Type O
7. A type O woman has children with a type AB man. Give the possible phenotypes of their children.
8. Is it possible for an A type woman and a B type man to have children that are type O? Explain your answer.
The final problems deal with the sex-linked trait of color-blindness. Color-blindness is caused by a recessive gene that is found on the X chromosome.
XC = normal vision
Xc = color-blindness
9. A woman with normal vision that is homozygous (XCXC) has children with a color-blind man (XcY). (A) if they have a daughter, what is the probability that she will be a carrier? (hint - only look at the female offspring). (B) What is the probability that they will have a color-blind child?
10. A woman with normal vision that is a carrier (XCXc) has children with a man with normal vision (XCY). (A) If they have a son, what is the probability he will be color-blind? (hint - only look at the male children for this answer). (B) What is the probability that they will have a color-blind child?
In: Biology
Pala is an inhibitor at low concentration it increases Atcase activity why? how does this observation support a concerted allosteric mechanism for Atcase
In: Biology
In: Biology
In: Biology